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-rw-r--r--kernel/rcu/rcuperf.c21
-rw-r--r--kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c72
-rw-r--r--kernel/rcu/srcutree.c17
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/functions.sh17
-rwxr-xr-xtools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh11
-rwxr-xr-xtools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh4
-rwxr-xr-xtools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh22
-rw-r--r--tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/configs/rcuperf/ver_functions.sh24
8 files changed, 111 insertions, 77 deletions
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/rcuperf.c b/kernel/rcu/rcuperf.c
index d1ebdf9868bb..777e7a6a0292 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/rcuperf.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/rcuperf.c
@@ -61,11 +61,30 @@ MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>");
#define VERBOSE_PERFOUT_ERRSTRING(s) \
do { if (verbose) pr_alert("%s" PERF_FLAG "!!! %s\n", perf_type, s); } while (0)
+/*
+ * The intended use cases for the nreaders and nwriters module parameters
+ * are as follows:
+ *
+ * 1. Specify only the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter. This will
+ * set both nreaders and nwriters to the value specified by
+ * nr_cpus for a mixed reader/writer test.
+ *
+ * 2. Specify the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter, but set
+ * rcuperf.nreaders to zero. This will set nwriters to the
+ * value specified by nr_cpus for an update-only test.
+ *
+ * 3. Specify the nr_cpus kernel boot parameter, but set
+ * rcuperf.nwriters to zero. This will set nreaders to the
+ * value specified by nr_cpus for a read-only test.
+ *
+ * Various other use cases may of course be specified.
+ */
+
torture_param(bool, gp_async, false, "Use asynchronous GP wait primitives");
torture_param(int, gp_async_max, 1000, "Max # outstanding waits per reader");
torture_param(bool, gp_exp, false, "Use expedited GP wait primitives");
torture_param(int, holdoff, 10, "Holdoff time before test start (s)");
-torture_param(int, nreaders, 0, "Number of RCU reader threads");
+torture_param(int, nreaders, -1, "Number of RCU reader threads");
torture_param(int, nwriters, -1, "Number of RCU updater threads");
torture_param(bool, shutdown, !IS_ENABLED(MODULE),
"Shutdown at end of performance tests.");
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c b/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
index 308e6fdbced8..680c96d8c00f 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c
@@ -909,34 +909,38 @@ rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
int nsynctypes = 0;
VERBOSE_TOROUT_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
- if (!can_expedite) {
+ if (!can_expedite)
pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
- " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s,\n",
+ " GP expediting controlled from boot/sysfs for %s.\n",
torture_type, cur_ops->name);
- pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
- " Disabled dynamic grace-period expediting.\n",
- torture_type);
- }
/* Initialize synctype[] array. If none set, take default. */
if (!gp_cond1 && !gp_exp1 && !gp_normal1 && !gp_sync1)
gp_cond1 = gp_exp1 = gp_normal1 = gp_sync1 = true;
- if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_state && cur_ops->cond_sync)
+ if (gp_cond1 && cur_ops->get_state && cur_ops->cond_sync) {
synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_COND_GET;
- else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync))
- pr_alert("rcu_torture_writer: gp_cond without primitives.\n");
- if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync)
+ pr_info("%s: Testing conditional GPs.\n", __func__);
+ } else if (gp_cond && (!cur_ops->get_state || !cur_ops->cond_sync)) {
+ pr_alert("%s: gp_cond without primitives.\n", __func__);
+ }
+ if (gp_exp1 && cur_ops->exp_sync) {
synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_EXP_SYNC;
- else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync)
- pr_alert("rcu_torture_writer: gp_exp without primitives.\n");
- if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free)
+ pr_info("%s: Testing expedited GPs.\n", __func__);
+ } else if (gp_exp && !cur_ops->exp_sync) {
+ pr_alert("%s: gp_exp without primitives.\n", __func__);
+ }
+ if (gp_normal1 && cur_ops->deferred_free) {
synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_DEF_FREE;
- else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free)
- pr_alert("rcu_torture_writer: gp_normal without primitives.\n");
- if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync)
+ pr_info("%s: Testing asynchronous GPs.\n", __func__);
+ } else if (gp_normal && !cur_ops->deferred_free) {
+ pr_alert("%s: gp_normal without primitives.\n", __func__);
+ }
+ if (gp_sync1 && cur_ops->sync) {
synctype[nsynctypes++] = RTWS_SYNC;
- else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync)
- pr_alert("rcu_torture_writer: gp_sync without primitives.\n");
+ pr_info("%s: Testing normal GPs.\n", __func__);
+ } else if (gp_sync && !cur_ops->sync) {
+ pr_alert("%s: gp_sync without primitives.\n", __func__);
+ }
if (WARN_ONCE(nsynctypes == 0,
"rcu_torture_writer: No update-side primitives.\n")) {
/*
@@ -1011,6 +1015,9 @@ rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
rcu_unexpedite_gp();
if (++expediting > 3)
expediting = -expediting;
+ } else if (!can_expedite) { /* Disabled during boot, recheck. */
+ can_expedite = !rcu_gp_is_expedited() &&
+ !rcu_gp_is_normal();
}
rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STUTTER;
stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
@@ -1021,6 +1028,10 @@ rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
while (can_expedite && expediting++ < 0)
rcu_unexpedite_gp();
WARN_ON_ONCE(can_expedite && rcu_gp_is_expedited());
+ if (!can_expedite)
+ pr_alert("%s" TORTURE_FLAG
+ " Dynamic grace-period expediting was disabled.\n",
+ torture_type);
rcu_torture_writer_state = RTWS_STOPPING;
torture_kthread_stopping("rcu_torture_writer");
return 0;
@@ -1045,13 +1056,13 @@ rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
torture_random(&rand) % (nfakewriters * 8) == 0) {
cur_ops->cb_barrier();
} else if (gp_normal == gp_exp) {
- if (torture_random(&rand) & 0x80)
+ if (cur_ops->sync && torture_random(&rand) & 0x80)
cur_ops->sync();
- else
+ else if (cur_ops->exp_sync)
cur_ops->exp_sync();
- } else if (gp_normal) {
+ } else if (gp_normal && cur_ops->sync) {
cur_ops->sync();
- } else {
+ } else if (cur_ops->exp_sync) {
cur_ops->exp_sync();
}
stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
@@ -1557,11 +1568,10 @@ static int rcu_torture_barrier_init(void)
atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_count, 0);
atomic_set(&barrier_cbs_invoked, 0);
barrier_cbs_tasks =
- kzalloc(n_barrier_cbs * sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
+ kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_tasks[0]),
GFP_KERNEL);
barrier_cbs_wq =
- kzalloc(n_barrier_cbs * sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]),
- GFP_KERNEL);
+ kcalloc(n_barrier_cbs, sizeof(barrier_cbs_wq[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
if (barrier_cbs_tasks == NULL || !barrier_cbs_wq)
return -ENOMEM;
for (i = 0; i < n_barrier_cbs; i++) {
@@ -1674,7 +1684,7 @@ static void rcu_torture_err_cb(struct rcu_head *rhp)
* next grace period. Unlikely, but can happen. If it
* does happen, the debug-objects subsystem won't have splatted.
*/
- pr_alert("rcutorture: duplicated callback was invoked.\n");
+ pr_alert("%s: duplicated callback was invoked.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
}
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
@@ -1691,7 +1701,7 @@ static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
- pr_alert("rcutorture: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test starting.\n");
+ pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test starting.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
/* Try to queue the rh2 pair of callbacks for the same grace period. */
preempt_disable(); /* Prevent preemption from interrupting test. */
@@ -1706,11 +1716,11 @@ static void rcu_test_debug_objects(void)
/* Wait for them all to get done so we can safely return. */
rcu_barrier();
- pr_alert("rcutorture: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test complete.\n");
+ pr_alert("%s: WARN: Duplicate call_rcu() test complete.\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh1);
destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rh2);
#else /* #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
- pr_alert("rcutorture: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_rcu()\n");
+ pr_alert("%s: !CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD, not testing duplicate call_rcu()\n", KBUILD_MODNAME);
#endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD */
}
@@ -1799,7 +1809,7 @@ rcu_torture_init(void)
if (firsterr)
goto unwind;
if (nfakewriters > 0) {
- fakewriter_tasks = kzalloc(nfakewriters *
+ fakewriter_tasks = kcalloc(nfakewriters,
sizeof(fakewriter_tasks[0]),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (fakewriter_tasks == NULL) {
@@ -1814,7 +1824,7 @@ rcu_torture_init(void)
if (firsterr)
goto unwind;
}
- reader_tasks = kzalloc(nrealreaders * sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
+ reader_tasks = kcalloc(nrealreaders, sizeof(reader_tasks[0]),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (reader_tasks == NULL) {
VERBOSE_TOROUT_ERRSTRING("out of memory");
diff --git a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
index 743d18379256..fb560fca9ef4 100644
--- a/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
+++ b/kernel/rcu/srcutree.c
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ void cleanup_srcu_struct(struct srcu_struct *sp)
flush_delayed_work(&per_cpu_ptr(sp->sda, cpu)->work);
if (WARN_ON(rcu_seq_state(READ_ONCE(sp->srcu_gp_seq)) != SRCU_STATE_IDLE) ||
WARN_ON(srcu_readers_active(sp))) {
- pr_info("cleanup_srcu_struct: Active srcu_struct %p state: %d\n", sp, rcu_seq_state(READ_ONCE(sp->srcu_gp_seq)));
+ pr_info("%s: Active srcu_struct %p state: %d\n", __func__, sp, rcu_seq_state(READ_ONCE(sp->srcu_gp_seq)));
return; /* Caller forgot to stop doing call_srcu()? */
}
free_percpu(sp->sda);
@@ -526,11 +526,11 @@ static void srcu_gp_end(struct srcu_struct *sp)
{
unsigned long cbdelay;
bool cbs;
+ bool last_lvl;
int cpu;
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long gpseq;
int idx;
- int idxnext;
unsigned long mask;
struct srcu_data *sdp;
struct srcu_node *snp;
@@ -554,11 +554,11 @@ static void srcu_gp_end(struct srcu_struct *sp)
/* Initiate callback invocation as needed. */
idx = rcu_seq_ctr(gpseq) % ARRAY_SIZE(snp->srcu_have_cbs);
- idxnext = (idx + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(snp->srcu_have_cbs);
rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(sp, snp) {
spin_lock_irq_rcu_node(snp);
cbs = false;
- if (snp >= sp->level[rcu_num_lvls - 1])
+ last_lvl = snp >= sp->level[rcu_num_lvls - 1];
+ if (last_lvl)
cbs = snp->srcu_have_cbs[idx] == gpseq;
snp->srcu_have_cbs[idx] = gpseq;
rcu_seq_set_state(&snp->srcu_have_cbs[idx], 1);
@@ -571,13 +571,16 @@ static void srcu_gp_end(struct srcu_struct *sp)
srcu_schedule_cbs_snp(sp, snp, mask, cbdelay);
/* Occasionally prevent srcu_data counter wrap. */
- if (!(gpseq & counter_wrap_check))
+ if (!(gpseq & counter_wrap_check) && last_lvl)
for (cpu = snp->grplo; cpu <= snp->grphi; cpu++) {
sdp = per_cpu_ptr(sp->sda, cpu);
spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(sdp, flags);
if (ULONG_CMP_GE(gpseq,
sdp->srcu_gp_seq_needed + 100))
sdp->srcu_gp_seq_needed = gpseq;
+ if (ULONG_CMP_GE(gpseq,
+ sdp->srcu_gp_seq_needed_exp + 100))
+ sdp->srcu_gp_seq_needed_exp = gpseq;
spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(sdp, flags);
}
}
@@ -592,9 +595,7 @@ static void srcu_gp_end(struct srcu_struct *sp)
ULONG_CMP_LT(gpseq, sp->srcu_gp_seq_needed)) {
srcu_gp_start(sp);
spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node(sp);
- /* Throttle expedited grace periods: Should be rare! */
- srcu_reschedule(sp, rcu_seq_ctr(gpseq) & 0x3ff
- ? 0 : SRCU_INTERVAL);
+ srcu_reschedule(sp, 0);
} else {
spin_unlock_irq_rcu_node(sp);
}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/functions.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/functions.sh
index 07a13779eece..65f6655026f0 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/functions.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/functions.sh
@@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ identify_boot_image () {
qemu-system-x86_64|qemu-system-i386)
echo arch/x86/boot/bzImage
;;
+ qemu-system-aarch64)
+ echo arch/arm64/boot/Image
+ ;;
*)
echo vmlinux
;;
@@ -158,6 +161,9 @@ identify_qemu () {
elif echo $u | grep -q "Intel 80386"
then
echo qemu-system-i386
+ elif echo $u | grep -q aarch64
+ then
+ echo qemu-system-aarch64
elif uname -a | grep -q ppc64
then
echo qemu-system-ppc64
@@ -176,16 +182,20 @@ identify_qemu () {
# Output arguments for the qemu "-append" string based on CPU type
# and the TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE environment variable.
identify_qemu_append () {
+ local console=ttyS0
case "$1" in
qemu-system-x86_64|qemu-system-i386)
echo noapic selinux=0 initcall_debug debug
;;
+ qemu-system-aarch64)
+ console=ttyAMA0
+ ;;
esac
if test -n "$TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE"
then
echo root=/dev/sda
else
- echo console=ttyS0
+ echo console=$console
fi
}
@@ -197,6 +207,9 @@ identify_qemu_args () {
case "$1" in
qemu-system-x86_64|qemu-system-i386)
;;
+ qemu-system-aarch64)
+ echo -machine virt,gic-version=host -cpu host
+ ;;
qemu-system-ppc64)
echo -enable-kvm -M pseries -nodefaults
echo -device spapr-vscsi
@@ -254,7 +267,7 @@ specify_qemu_cpus () {
echo $2
else
case "$1" in
- qemu-system-x86_64|qemu-system-i386)
+ qemu-system-x86_64|qemu-system-i386|qemu-system-aarch64)
echo $2 -smp $3
;;
qemu-system-ppc64)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh
index 963f71289d22..8948f7926b21 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-recheck-rcuperf-ftrace.sh
@@ -39,30 +39,31 @@ sed -e 's/us : / : /' |
tr -d '\015' |
awk '
$8 == "start" {
- if (starttask != "")
+ if (startseq != "")
nlost++;
starttask = $1;
starttime = $3;
startseq = $7;
+ seqtask[startseq] = starttask;
}
$8 == "end" {
- if (starttask == $1 && startseq == $7) {
+ if (startseq == $7) {
curgpdur = $3 - starttime;
gptimes[++n] = curgpdur;
gptaskcnt[starttask]++;
sum += curgpdur;
if (curgpdur > 1000)
print "Long GP " starttime "us to " $3 "us (" curgpdur "us)";
- starttask = "";
+ startseq = "";
} else {
# Lost a message or some such, reset.
- starttask = "";
+ startseq = "";
nlost++;
}
}
-$8 == "done" {
+$8 == "done" && seqtask[$7] != $1 {
piggybackcnt[$1]++;
}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh
index 1b78a12740e5..5f8fbb0d7c17 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm-test-1-run.sh
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ then
exit 0
fi
echo "NOTE: $QEMU either did not run or was interactive" > $resdir/console.log
-echo $QEMU $qemu_args -m 512 -kernel $KERNEL -append \"$qemu_append $boot_args\" > $resdir/qemu-cmd
-( $QEMU $qemu_args -m 512 -kernel $KERNEL -append "$qemu_append $boot_args"& echo $! > $resdir/qemu_pid; wait `cat $resdir/qemu_pid`; echo $? > $resdir/qemu-retval ) &
+echo $QEMU $qemu_args -m $TORTURE_QEMU_MEM -kernel $KERNEL -append \"$qemu_append $boot_args\" > $resdir/qemu-cmd
+( $QEMU $qemu_args -m $TORTURE_QEMU_MEM -kernel $KERNEL -append "$qemu_append $boot_args"& echo $! > $resdir/qemu_pid; wait `cat $resdir/qemu_pid`; echo $? > $resdir/qemu-retval ) &
commandcompleted=0
sleep 10 # Give qemu's pid a chance to reach the file
if test -s "$resdir/qemu_pid"
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
index 7d1f607f0f76..56610dbbdf73 100755
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/bin/kvm.sh
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
#!/bin/bash
#
-# Run a series of 14 tests under KVM. These are not particularly
-# well-selected or well-tuned, but are the current set.
-#
-# Edit the definitions below to set the locations of the various directories,
-# as well as the test duration.
+# Run a series of tests under KVM. By default, this series is specified
+# by the relevant CFLIST file, but can be overridden by the --configs
+# command-line argument.
#
# Usage: kvm.sh [ options ]
#
@@ -44,6 +42,7 @@ TORTURE_BOOT_IMAGE=""
TORTURE_INITRD="$KVM/initrd"; export TORTURE_INITRD
TORTURE_KCONFIG_ARG=""
TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG=""
+TORTURE_QEMU_MEM=512
TORTURE_SHUTDOWN_GRACE=180
TORTURE_SUITE=rcu
resdir=""
@@ -70,6 +69,7 @@ usage () {
echo " --kconfig Kconfig-options"
echo " --kmake-arg kernel-make-arguments"
echo " --mac nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn"
+ echo " --memory megabytes | nnnG"
echo " --no-initrd"
echo " --qemu-args qemu-arguments"
echo " --qemu-cmd qemu-system-..."
@@ -147,6 +147,11 @@ do
TORTURE_QEMU_MAC=$2
shift
;;
+ --memory)
+ checkarg --memory "(memory size)" $# "$2" '^[0-9]\+[MG]\?$' error
+ TORTURE_QEMU_MEM=$2
+ shift
+ ;;
--no-initrd)
TORTURE_INITRD=""; export TORTURE_INITRD
;;
@@ -174,6 +179,12 @@ do
checkarg --torture "(suite name)" "$#" "$2" '^\(lock\|rcu\|rcuperf\)$' '^--'
TORTURE_SUITE=$2
shift
+ if test "$TORTURE_SUITE" = rcuperf
+ then
+ # If you really want jitter for rcuperf, specify
+ # it after specifying rcuperf. (But why?)
+ jitter=0
+ fi
;;
*)
echo Unknown argument $1
@@ -288,6 +299,7 @@ TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG="$TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG"; export TORTURE_KMAKE_ARG
TORTURE_QEMU_CMD="$TORTURE_QEMU_CMD"; export TORTURE_QEMU_CMD
TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE="$TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE"; export TORTURE_QEMU_INTERACTIVE
TORTURE_QEMU_MAC="$TORTURE_QEMU_MAC"; export TORTURE_QEMU_MAC
+TORTURE_QEMU_MEM="$TORTURE_QEMU_MEM"; export TORTURE_QEMU_MEM
TORTURE_SHUTDOWN_GRACE="$TORTURE_SHUTDOWN_GRACE"; export TORTURE_SHUTDOWN_GRACE
TORTURE_SUITE="$TORTURE_SUITE"; export TORTURE_SUITE
if ! test -e $resdir
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/configs/rcuperf/ver_functions.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/configs/rcuperf/ver_functions.sh
index b9603115d7c7..d36b8fd6f0fc 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/configs/rcuperf/ver_functions.sh
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/rcutorture/configs/rcuperf/ver_functions.sh
@@ -20,32 +20,10 @@
#
# Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
-# rcuperf_param_nreaders bootparam-string
-#
-# Adds nreaders rcuperf module parameter if not already specified.
-rcuperf_param_nreaders () {
- if ! echo "$1" | grep -q "rcuperf.nreaders"
- then
- echo rcuperf.nreaders=-1
- fi
-}
-
-# rcuperf_param_nwriters bootparam-string
-#
-# Adds nwriters rcuperf module parameter if not already specified.
-rcuperf_param_nwriters () {
- if ! echo "$1" | grep -q "rcuperf.nwriters"
- then
- echo rcuperf.nwriters=-1
- fi
-}
-
# per_version_boot_params bootparam-string config-file seconds
#
# Adds per-version torture-module parameters to kernels supporting them.
per_version_boot_params () {
- echo $1 `rcuperf_param_nreaders "$1"` \
- `rcuperf_param_nwriters "$1"` \
- rcuperf.shutdown=1 \
+ echo $1 rcuperf.shutdown=1 \
rcuperf.verbose=1
}