diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
58 files changed, 1610 insertions, 518 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX index 1977fab38656..acba8305fafd 100644 --- a/Documentation/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/00-INDEX @@ -179,8 +179,6 @@ ia64/ - directory with info about Linux on Intel 64 bit architecture. infiniband/ - directory with documents concerning Linux InfiniBand support. -initrd.txt - - how to use the RAM disk as an initial/temporary root filesystem. input/ - info on Linux input device support. io_ordering.txt diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b585ec258a08 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-bus-css @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +What: /sys/bus/css/devices/.../type +Date: March 2008 +Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> + linux-s390@vger.kernel.org +Description: Contains the subchannel type, as reported by the hardware. + This attribute is present for all subchannel types. + +What: /sys/bus/css/devices/.../modalias +Date: March 2008 +Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> + linux-s390@vger.kernel.org +Description: Contains the module alias as reported with uevents. + It is of the format css:t<type> and present for all + subchannel types. + +What: /sys/bus/css/drivers/io_subchannel/.../chpids +Date: December 2002 +Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> + linux-s390@vger.kernel.org +Description: Contains the ids of the channel paths used by this + subchannel, as reported by the channel subsystem + during subchannel recognition. + Note: This is an I/O-subchannel specific attribute. +Users: s390-tools, HAL + +What: /sys/bus/css/drivers/io_subchannel/.../pimpampom +Date: December 2002 +Contact: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com> + linux-s390@vger.kernel.org +Description: Contains the PIM/PAM/POM values, as reported by the + channel subsystem when last queried by the common I/O + layer (this implies that this attribute is not neccessarily + in sync with the values current in the channel subsystem). + Note: This is an I/O-subchannel specific attribute. +Users: s390-tools, HAL diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a9f2b8b0530f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-dev @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +What: /sys/dev +Date: April 2008 +KernelVersion: 2.6.26 +Contact: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> +Description: The /sys/dev tree provides a method to look up the sysfs + path for a device using the information returned from + stat(2). There are two directories, 'block' and 'char', + beneath /sys/dev containing symbolic links with names of + the form "<major>:<minor>". These links point to the + corresponding sysfs path for the given device. + + Example: + $ readlink /sys/dev/block/8:32 + ../../block/sdc + + Entries in /sys/dev/char and /sys/dev/block will be + dynamically created and destroyed as devices enter and + leave the system. + +Users: mdadm <linux-raid@vger.kernel.org> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl index 5a8ffa761e09..ea3bc9565e6a 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl @@ -524,6 +524,44 @@ These utilities include endpoint autoconfiguration. <!-- !Edrivers/usb/gadget/epautoconf.c --> </sect1> +<sect1 id="composite"><title>Composite Device Framework</title> + +<para>The core API is sufficient for writing drivers for composite +USB devices (with more than one function in a given configuration), +and also multi-configuration devices (also more than one function, +but not necessarily sharing a given configuration). +There is however an optional framework which makes it easier to +reuse and combine functions. +</para> + +<para>Devices using this framework provide a <emphasis>struct +usb_composite_driver</emphasis>, which in turn provides one or +more <emphasis>struct usb_configuration</emphasis> instances. +Each such configuration includes at least one +<emphasis>struct usb_function</emphasis>, which packages a user +visible role such as "network link" or "mass storage device". +Management functions may also exist, such as "Device Firmware +Upgrade". +</para> + +!Iinclude/linux/usb/composite.h +!Edrivers/usb/gadget/composite.c + +</sect1> + +<sect1 id="functions"><title>Composite Device Functions</title> + +<para>At this writing, a few of the current gadget drivers have +been converted to this framework. +Near-term plans include converting all of them, except for "gadgetfs". +</para> + +!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_acm.c +!Edrivers/usb/gadget/f_serial.c + +</sect1> + + </chapter> <chapter id="controllers"><title>Peripheral Controller Drivers</title> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl index fdd7f4f887b7..c4d187313963 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/uio-howto.tmpl @@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ <revhistory> <revision> + <revnumber>0.5</revnumber> + <date>2008-05-22</date> + <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials> + <revremark>Added description of write() function.</revremark> + </revision> + <revision> <revnumber>0.4</revnumber> <date>2007-11-26</date> <authorinitials>hjk</authorinitials> @@ -64,7 +70,7 @@ <?dbhtml filename="copyright.html"?> <title>Copyright and License</title> <para> - Copyright (c) 2006 by Hans-Jürgen Koch.</para> + Copyright (c) 2006-2008 by Hans-Jürgen Koch.</para> <para> This documentation is Free Software licensed under the terms of the GPL version 2. @@ -189,6 +195,30 @@ interested in translating it, please email me represents the total interrupt count. You can use this number to figure out if you missed some interrupts. </para> + <para> + For some hardware that has more than one interrupt source internally, + but not separate IRQ mask and status registers, there might be + situations where userspace cannot determine what the interrupt source + was if the kernel handler disables them by writing to the chip's IRQ + register. In such a case, the kernel has to disable the IRQ completely + to leave the chip's register untouched. Now the userspace part can + determine the cause of the interrupt, but it cannot re-enable + interrupts. Another cornercase is chips where re-enabling interrupts + is a read-modify-write operation to a combined IRQ status/acknowledge + register. This would be racy if a new interrupt occurred + simultaneously. + </para> + <para> + To address these problems, UIO also implements a write() function. It + is normally not used and can be ignored for hardware that has only a + single interrupt source or has separate IRQ mask and status registers. + If you need it, however, a write to <filename>/dev/uioX</filename> + will call the <function>irqcontrol()</function> function implemented + by the driver. You have to write a 32-bit value that is usually either + 0 or 1 to disable or enable interrupts. If a driver does not implement + <function>irqcontrol()</function>, <function>write()</function> will + return with <varname>-ENOSYS</varname>. + </para> <para> To handle interrupts properly, your custom kernel module can @@ -362,6 +392,14 @@ device is actually used. <function>open()</function>, you will probably also want a custom <function>release()</function> function. </para></listitem> + +<listitem><para> +<varname>int (*irqcontrol)(struct uio_info *info, s32 irq_on) +</varname>: Optional. If you need to be able to enable or disable +interrupts from userspace by writing to <filename>/dev/uioX</filename>, +you can implement this function. The parameter <varname>irq_on</varname> +will be 0 to disable interrupts and 1 to enable them. +</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> diff --git a/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt b/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt index 938d7dd05490..b4a615b78403 100644 --- a/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt +++ b/Documentation/IRQ-affinity.txt @@ -1,17 +1,26 @@ +ChangeLog: + Started by Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> + Update by Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com> -SMP IRQ affinity, started by Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> - +SMP IRQ affinity /proc/irq/IRQ#/smp_affinity specifies which target CPUs are permitted for a given IRQ source. It's a bitmask of allowed CPUs. It's not allowed to turn off all CPUs, and if an IRQ controller does not support IRQ affinity then the value will not change from the default 0xffffffff. +/proc/irq/default_smp_affinity specifies default affinity mask that applies +to all non-active IRQs. Once IRQ is allocated/activated its affinity bitmask +will be set to the default mask. It can then be changed as described above. +Default mask is 0xffffffff. + Here is an example of restricting IRQ44 (eth1) to CPU0-3 then restricting -the IRQ to CPU4-7 (this is an 8-CPU SMP box): +it to CPU4-7 (this is an 8-CPU SMP box): +[root@moon 44]# cd /proc/irq/44 [root@moon 44]# cat smp_affinity ffffffff + [root@moon 44]# echo 0f > smp_affinity [root@moon 44]# cat smp_affinity 0000000f @@ -21,17 +30,27 @@ PING hell (195.4.7.3): 56 data bytes --- hell ping statistics --- 6029 packets transmitted, 6027 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.1/0.4 ms -[root@moon 44]# cat /proc/interrupts | grep 44: - 44: 0 1785 1785 1783 1783 1 -1 0 IO-APIC-level eth1 +[root@moon 44]# cat /proc/interrupts | grep 'CPU\|44:' + CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7 + 44: 1068 1785 1785 1783 0 0 0 0 IO-APIC-level eth1 + +As can be seen from the line above IRQ44 was delivered only to the first four +processors (0-3). +Now lets restrict that IRQ to CPU(4-7). + [root@moon 44]# echo f0 > smp_affinity +[root@moon 44]# cat smp_affinity +000000f0 [root@moon 44]# ping -f h PING hell (195.4.7.3): 56 data bytes .. --- hell ping statistics --- 2779 packets transmitted, 2777 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.5/585.4 ms -[root@moon 44]# cat /proc/interrupts | grep 44: - 44: 1068 1785 1785 1784 1784 1069 1070 1069 IO-APIC-level eth1 -[root@moon 44]# +[root@moon 44]# cat /proc/interrupts | 'CPU\|44:' + CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7 + 44: 1068 1785 1785 1783 1784 1069 1070 1069 IO-APIC-level eth1 + +This time around IRQ44 was delivered only to the last four processors. +i.e counters for the CPU0-3 did not change. diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt index c64158ecde43..a6d32e65d222 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/NMI-RCU.txt @@ -93,6 +93,9 @@ Since NMI handlers disable preemption, synchronize_sched() is guaranteed not to return until all ongoing NMI handlers exit. It is therefore safe to free up the handler's data as soon as synchronize_sched() returns. +Important note: for this to work, the architecture in question must +invoke irq_enter() and irq_exit() on NMI entry and exit, respectively. + Answer to Quick Quiz diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt b/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt index 39ad8f56783a..9f711d2df91b 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/RTFP.txt @@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ of each iteration. Unfortunately, chaotic relaxation requires highly structured data, such as the matrices used in scientific programs, and is thus inapplicable to most data structures in operating-system kernels. +In 1992, Henry (now Alexia) Massalin completed a dissertation advising +parallel programmers to defer processing when feasible to simplify +synchronization. RCU makes extremely heavy use of this advice. + In 1993, Jacobson [Jacobson93] verbally described what is perhaps the simplest deferred-free technique: simply waiting a fixed amount of time before freeing blocks awaiting deferred free. Jacobson did not describe @@ -138,6 +142,13 @@ blocking in read-side critical sections appeared [PaulEMcKenney2006c], Robert Olsson described an RCU-protected trie-hash combination [RobertOlsson2006a]. +2007 saw the journal version of the award-winning RCU paper from 2006 +[ThomasEHart2007a], as well as a paper demonstrating use of Promela +and Spin to mechanically verify an optimization to Oleg Nesterov's +QRCU [PaulEMcKenney2007QRCUspin], a design document describing +preemptible RCU [PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU], and the three-part +LWN "What is RCU?" series [PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally, +PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage, and PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI]. Bibtex Entries @@ -202,6 +213,20 @@ Bibtex Entries ,Year="1991" } +@phdthesis{HMassalinPhD +,author="H. Massalin" +,title="Synthesis: An Efficient Implementation of Fundamental Operating +System Services" +,school="Columbia University" +,address="New York, NY" +,year="1992" +,annotation=" + Mondo optimizing compiler. + Wait-free stuff. + Good advice: defer work to avoid synchronization. +" +} + @unpublished{Jacobson93 ,author="Van Jacobson" ,title="Avoid Read-Side Locking Via Delayed Free" @@ -635,3 +660,86 @@ Revised: " } +@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007PreemptibleRCU +,Author="Paul E. McKenney" +,Title="The design of preemptible read-copy-update" +,month="October" +,day="8" +,year="2007" +,note="Available: +\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/253651/} +[Viewed October 25, 2007]" +,annotation=" + LWN article describing the design of preemptible RCU. +" +} + +######################################################################## +# +# "What is RCU?" LWN series. +# + +@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2007WhatIsRCUFundamentally +,Author="Paul E. McKenney and Jonathan Walpole" +,Title="What is {RCU}, Fundamentally?" +,month="December" +,day="17" +,year="2007" +,note="Available: +\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/} +[Viewed December 27, 2007]" +,annotation=" + Lays out the three basic components of RCU: (1) publish-subscribe, + (2) wait for pre-existing readers to complete, and (2) maintain + multiple versions. +" +} + +@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUUsage +,Author="Paul E. McKenney" +,Title="What is {RCU}? Part 2: Usage" +,month="January" +,day="4" +,year="2008" +,note="Available: +\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/} +[Viewed January 4, 2008]" +,annotation=" + Lays out six uses of RCU: + 1. RCU is a Reader-Writer Lock Replacement + 2. RCU is a Restricted Reference-Counting Mechanism + 3. RCU is a Bulk Reference-Counting Mechanism + 4. RCU is a Poor Man's Garbage Collector + 5. RCU is a Way of Providing Existence Guarantees + 6. RCU is a Way of Waiting for Things to Finish +" +} + +@unpublished{PaulEMcKenney2008WhatIsRCUAPI +,Author="Paul E. McKenney" +,Title="{RCU} part 3: the {RCU} {API}" +,month="January" +,day="17" +,year="2008" +,note="Available: +\url{http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/} +[Viewed January 10, 2008]" +,annotation=" + Gives an overview of the Linux-kernel RCU API and a brief annotated RCU + bibliography. +" +} + +@article{DinakarGuniguntala2008IBMSysJ +,author="D. Guniguntala and P. E. McKenney and J. Triplett and J. Walpole" +,title="The read-copy-update mechanism for supporting real-time applications on shared-memory multiprocessor systems with {Linux}" +,Year="2008" +,Month="April" +,journal="IBM Systems Journal" +,volume="47" +,number="2" +,pages="@@-@@" +,annotation=" + RCU, realtime RCU, sleepable RCU, performance. +" +} diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt index 42b01bc2e1b4..cf5562cbe356 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/checklist.txt @@ -13,10 +13,13 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! detailed performance measurements show that RCU is nonetheless the right tool for the job. - The other exception would be where performance is not an issue, - and RCU provides a simpler implementation. An example of this - situation is the dynamic NMI code in the Linux 2.6 kernel, - at least on architectures where NMIs are rare. + Another exception is where performance is not an issue, and RCU + provides a simpler implementation. An example of this situation + is the dynamic NMI code in the Linux 2.6 kernel, at least on + architectures where NMIs are rare. + + Yet another exception is where the low real-time latency of RCU's + read-side primitives is critically important. 1. Does the update code have proper mutual exclusion? @@ -39,9 +42,10 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! 2. Do the RCU read-side critical sections make proper use of rcu_read_lock() and friends? These primitives are needed - to suppress preemption (or bottom halves, in the case of - rcu_read_lock_bh()) in the read-side critical sections, - and are also an excellent aid to readability. + to prevent grace periods from ending prematurely, which + could result in data being unceremoniously freed out from + under your read-side code, which can greatly increase the + actuarial risk of your kernel. As a rough rule of thumb, any dereference of an RCU-protected pointer must be covered by rcu_read_lock() or rcu_read_lock_bh() @@ -54,15 +58,30 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! be running while updates are in progress. There are a number of ways to handle this concurrency, depending on the situation: - a. Make updates appear atomic to readers. For example, + a. Use the RCU variants of the list and hlist update + primitives to add, remove, and replace elements on an + RCU-protected list. Alternatively, use the RCU-protected + trees that have been added to the Linux kernel. + + This is almost always the best approach. + + b. Proceed as in (a) above, but also maintain per-element + locks (that are acquired by both readers and writers) + that guard per-element state. Of course, fields that + the readers refrain from accessing can be guarded by the + update-side lock. + + This works quite well, also. + + c. Make updates appear atomic to readers. For example, pointer updates to properly aligned fields will appear atomic, as will individual atomic primitives. Operations performed under a lock and sequences of multiple atomic primitives will -not- appear to be atomic. - This is almost always the best approach. + This can work, but is starting to get a bit tricky. - b. Carefully order the updates and the reads so that + d. Carefully order the updates and the reads so that readers see valid data at all phases of the update. This is often more difficult than it sounds, especially given modern CPUs' tendency to reorder memory references. @@ -123,18 +142,22 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! when publicizing a pointer to a structure that can be traversed by an RCU read-side critical section. -5. If call_rcu(), or a related primitive such as call_rcu_bh(), - is used, the callback function must be written to be called - from softirq context. In particular, it cannot block. +5. If call_rcu(), or a related primitive such as call_rcu_bh() or + call_rcu_sched(), is used, the callback function must be + written to be called from softirq context. In particular, + it cannot block. 6. Since synchronize_rcu() can block, it cannot be called from - any sort of irq context. + any sort of irq context. Ditto for synchronize_sched() and + synchronize_srcu(). 7. If the updater uses call_rcu(), then the corresponding readers must use rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(). If the updater uses call_rcu_bh(), then the corresponding readers must use - rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(). Mixing things up - will result in confusion and broken kernels. + rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(). If the updater + uses call_rcu_sched(), then the corresponding readers must + disable preemption. Mixing things up will result in confusion + and broken kernels. One exception to this rule: rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock() may be substituted for rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh() @@ -143,9 +166,9 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! such cases is a must, of course! And the jury is still out on whether the increased speed is worth it. -8. Although synchronize_rcu() is a bit slower than is call_rcu(), - it usually results in simpler code. So, unless update - performance is critically important or the updaters cannot block, +8. Although synchronize_rcu() is slower than is call_rcu(), it + usually results in simpler code. So, unless update performance + is critically important or the updaters cannot block, synchronize_rcu() should be used in preference to call_rcu(). An especially important property of the synchronize_rcu() @@ -187,23 +210,23 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! number of updates per grace period. 9. All RCU list-traversal primitives, which include - list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(), + rcu_dereference(), list_for_each_rcu(), list_for_each_entry_rcu(), list_for_each_continue_rcu(), and list_for_each_safe_rcu(), - must be within an RCU read-side critical section. RCU + must be either within an RCU read-side critical section or + must be protected by appropriate update-side locks. RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(), or by similar primitives such as rcu_read_lock_bh() and rcu_read_unlock_bh(). - Use of the _rcu() list-traversal primitives outside of an - RCU read-side critical section causes no harm other than - a slight performance degradation on Alpha CPUs. It can - also be quite helpful in reducing code bloat when common - code is shared between readers and updaters. + The reason that it is permissible to use RCU list-traversal + primitives when the update-side lock is held is that doing so + can be quite helpful in reducing code bloat when common code is + shared between readers and updaters. 10. Conversely, if you are in an RCU read-side critical section, - you -must- use the "_rcu()" variants of the list macros. - Failing to do so will break Alpha and confuse people reading - your code. + and you don't hold the appropriate update-side lock, you -must- + use the "_rcu()" variants of the list macros. Failing to do so + will break Alpha and confuse people reading your code. 11. Note that synchronize_rcu() -only- guarantees to wait until all currently executing rcu_read_lock()-protected RCU read-side @@ -230,6 +253,14 @@ over a rather long period of time, but improvements are always welcome! must use whatever locking or other synchronization is required to safely access and/or modify that data structure. + RCU callbacks are -usually- executed on the same CPU that executed + the corresponding call_rcu(), call_rcu_bh(), or call_rcu_sched(), + but are by -no- means guaranteed to be. For example, if a given + CPU goes offline while having an RCU callback pending, then that + RCU callback will execute on some surviving CPU. (If this was + not the case, a self-spawning RCU callback would prevent the + victim CPU from ever going offline.) + 14. SRCU (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(), and synchronize_srcu()) may only be invoked from process context. Unlike other forms of RCU, it -is- permissible to block in an SRCU read-side critical diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt b/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt index 2967a65269d8..516527d4bc55 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/torture.txt @@ -10,13 +10,20 @@ status messages via printk(), which can be examined via the dmesg command (perhaps grepping for "torture"). The test is started when the module is loaded, and stops when the module is unloaded. -However, actually setting this config option to "y" results in the system -running the test immediately upon boot, and ending only when the system -is taken down. Normally, one will instead want to build the system -with CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=m and to use modprobe and rmmod to control -the test, perhaps using a script similar to the one shown at the end of -this document. Note that you will need CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD in order -to be able to end the test. +CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE + +It is also possible to specify CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST=y, which will +result in the tests being loaded into the base kernel. In this case, +the CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option is used to specify +whether the RCU torture tests are to be started immediately during +boot or whether the /proc/sys/kernel/rcutorture_runnable file is used +to enable them. This /proc file can be used to repeatedly pause and +restart the tests, regardless of the initial state specified by the +CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE config option. + +You will normally -not- want to start the RCU torture tests during boot +(and thus the default is CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE=n), but doing +this can sometimes be useful in finding boot-time bugs. MODULE PARAMETERS @@ -46,9 +53,15 @@ stat_interval The number of seconds between output of torture shuffle_interval The number of seconds to keep the test threads affinitied - to a particular subset of the CPUs, defaults to 5 seconds. + to a particular subset of the CPUs, defaults to 3 seconds. Used in conjunction with test_no_idle_hz. +stutter The length of time to run the test before pausing for this + same period of time. Defaults to "stutter=5", so as + to run and pause for (roughly) five-second intervals. + Specifying "stutter=0" causes the test to run continuously + without pausing, which is the old default behavior. + test_no_idle_hz Whether or not to test the ability of RCU to operate in a kernel that disables the scheduling-clock interrupt to idle CPUs. Boolean parameter, "1" to test, "0" otherwise. diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt index e0d6d99b8f9b..e04d643a9f57 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/whatisRCU.txt @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ +Please note that the "What is RCU?" LWN series is an excellent place +to start learning about RCU: + +1. What is RCU, Fundamentally? http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/ +2. What is RCU? Part 2: Usage http://lwn.net/Articles/263130/ +3. RCU part 3: the RCU API http://lwn.net/Articles/264090/ + + What is RCU? RCU is a synchronization mechanism that was added to the Linux kernel @@ -772,26 +780,18 @@ Linux-kernel source code, but it helps to have a full list of the APIs, since there does not appear to be a way to categorize them in docbook. Here is the list, by category. -Markers for RCU read-side critical sections: - - rcu_read_lock - rcu_read_unlock - rcu_read_lock_bh - rcu_read_unlock_bh - srcu_read_lock - srcu_read_unlock - RCU pointer/list traversal: rcu_dereference + list_for_each_entry_rcu + hlist_for_each_entry_rcu + list_for_each_rcu (to be deprecated in favor of list_for_each_entry_rcu) - list_for_each_entry_rcu list_for_each_continue_rcu (to be deprecated in favor of new list_for_each_entry_continue_rcu) - hlist_for_each_entry_rcu -RCU pointer update: +RCU pointer/list update: rcu_assign_pointer list_add_rcu @@ -799,16 +799,36 @@ RCU pointer update: list_del_rcu list_replace_rcu hlist_del_rcu + hlist_add_after_rcu + hlist_add_before_rcu hlist_add_head_rcu + hlist_replace_rcu + list_splice_init_rcu() -RCU grace period: +RCU: Critical sections Grace period Barrier + + rcu_read_lock synchronize_net rcu_barrier + rcu_read_unlock synchronize_rcu + call_rcu + + +bh: Critical sections Grace period Barrier + + rcu_read_lock_bh call_rcu_bh rcu_barrier_bh + rcu_read_unlock_bh + + +sched: Critical sections Grace period Barrier + + [preempt_disable] synchronize_sched rcu_barrier_sched + [and friends] call_rcu_sched + + +SRCU: Critical sections Grace period Barrier + + srcu_read_lock synchronize_srcu N/A + srcu_read_unlock - synchronize_net - synchronize_sched - synchronize_rcu - synchronize_srcu - call_rcu - call_rcu_bh See the comment headers in the source code (or the docbook generated from them) for more information. diff --git a/Documentation/cputopology.txt b/Documentation/cputopology.txt index b61cb9564023..bd699da24666 100644 --- a/Documentation/cputopology.txt +++ b/Documentation/cputopology.txt @@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ represent the thread siblings to cpu X in the same physical package; To implement it in an architecture-neutral way, a new source file, drivers/base/topology.c, is to export the 4 attributes. -If one architecture wants to support this feature, it just needs to -implement 4 defines, typically in file include/asm-XXX/topology.h. -The 4 defines are: +For an architecture to support this feature, it must define some of +these macros in include/asm-XXX/topology.h: #define topology_physical_package_id(cpu) #define topology_core_id(cpu) #define topology_thread_siblings(cpu) @@ -25,17 +24,10 @@ The 4 defines are: The type of **_id is int. The type of siblings is cpumask_t. -To be consistent on all architectures, the 4 attributes should have -default values if their values are unavailable. Below is the rule. -1) physical_package_id: If cpu has no physical package id, -1 is the -default value. -2) core_id: If cpu doesn't support multi-core, its core id is 0. -3) thread_siblings: Just include itself, if the cpu doesn't support -HT/multi-thread. -4) core_siblings: Just include itself, if the cpu doesn't support -multi-core and HT/Multi-thread. - -So be careful when declaring the 4 defines in include/asm-XXX/topology.h. - -If an attribute isn't defined on an architecture, it won't be exported. - +To be consistent on all architectures, include/linux/topology.h +provides default definitions for any of the above macros that are +not defined by include/asm-XXX/topology.h: +1) physical_package_id: -1 +2) core_id: 0 +3) thread_siblings: just the given CPU +4) core_siblings: just the given CPU diff --git a/Documentation/early-userspace/00-INDEX b/Documentation/early-userspace/00-INDEX new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..9deb666c4fce --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/early-userspace/00-INDEX @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +00-INDEX + - this file +README + - explains what early userspace is +buffer_format.txt + - documents the initramfs buffer format +initrd.txt + - how to use the RAM disk as an initial/temporary root filesystem. diff --git a/Documentation/initrd.txt b/Documentation/early-userspace/initrd.txt index 1ba84f3584e3..772d6a307345 100644 --- a/Documentation/initrd.txt +++ b/Documentation/early-userspace/initrd.txt @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ procedure should create the /initrd directory. If initrd will not be mounted in some cases, its content is still accessible if the following device has been created: -# mknod /dev/initrd b 1 250 +# mknod /dev/initrd b 1 250 # chmod 400 /dev/initrd Second, the kernel has to be compiled with RAM disk support and with @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ Last not least, CD-ROM distributors may use it for better installation from CD, e.g. by using a boot floppy and bootstrapping a bigger RAM disk via initrd from CD; or by booting via a loader like LOADLIN or directly from the CD-ROM, and loading the RAM disk from CD without need of -floppies. +floppies. Obsolete root change mechanism @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ such a directory exists on the new root file system. In order to use this mechanism, you do not have to specify the boot command options root, init, or rw. (If specified, they will affect the real root file system, not the initrd environment.) - + If /proc is mounted, the "real" root device can be changed from within linuxrc by writing the number of the new root FS device to the special file /proc/sys/kernel/real-root-dev, e.g. diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 5b3f31faed56..65a1482457a8 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -222,13 +222,6 @@ Who: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> --------------------------- -What: i2c-i810, i2c-prosavage and i2c-savage4 -When: May 2008 -Why: These drivers are superseded by i810fb, intelfb and savagefb. -Who: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> - ---------------------------- - What (Why): - include/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_TOS.h ipt_tos.h header files (superseded by xt_TOS/xt_tos target & match) @@ -312,3 +305,12 @@ When: 2.6.26 Why: Implementation became generic; users should now include linux/semaphore.h instead. Who: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> + +--------------------------- + +What: CONFIG_THERMAL_HWMON +When: January 2009 +Why: This option was introduced just to allow older lm-sensors userspace + to keep working over the upgrade to 2.6.26. At the scheduled time of + removal fixed lm-sensors (2.x or 3.x) should be readily available. +Who: Rene Herman <rene.herman@gmail.com> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt index d0ec45ae4e7d..44bd766f2e5d 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfs-rdma.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ################################################################################ Author: NetApp and Open Grid Computing - Date: April 15, 2008 + Date: May 29, 2008 Table of Contents ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -60,16 +60,18 @@ Installation The procedures described in this document have been tested with distributions from Red Hat's Fedora Project (http://fedora.redhat.com/). - - Install nfs-utils-1.1.1 or greater on the client + - Install nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater on the client - An NFS/RDMA mount point can only be obtained by using the mount.nfs - command in nfs-utils-1.1.1 or greater. To see which version of mount.nfs - you are using, type: + An NFS/RDMA mount point can be obtained by using the mount.nfs command in + nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater (nfs-utils-1.1.1 was the first nfs-utils + version with support for NFS/RDMA mounts, but for various reasons we + recommend using nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater). To see which version of + mount.nfs you are using, type: - > /sbin/mount.nfs -V + $ /sbin/mount.nfs -V - If the version is less than 1.1.1 or the command does not exist, - then you will need to install the latest version of nfs-utils. + If the version is less than 1.1.2 or the command does not exist, + you should install the latest version of nfs-utils. Download the latest package from: @@ -77,22 +79,33 @@ Installation Uncompress the package and follow the installation instructions. - If you will not be using GSS and NFSv4, the installation process - can be simplified by disabling these features when running configure: + If you will not need the idmapper and gssd executables (you do not need + these to create an NFS/RDMA enabled mount command), the installation + process can be simplified by disabling these features when running + configure: - > ./configure --disable-gss --disable-nfsv4 + $ ./configure --disable-gss --disable-nfsv4 - For more information on this see the package's README and INSTALL files. + To build nfs-utils you will need the tcp_wrappers package installed. For + more information on this see the package's README and INSTALL files. After building the nfs-utils package, there will be a mount.nfs binary in the utils/mount directory. This binary can be used to initiate NFS v2, v3, - or v4 mounts. To initiate a v4 mount, the binary must be called mount.nfs4. - The standard technique is to create a symlink called mount.nfs4 to mount.nfs. + or v4 mounts. To initiate a v4 mount, the binary must be called + mount.nfs4. The standard technique is to create a symlink called + mount.nfs4 to mount.nfs. - NOTE: mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.1 or greater is only needed + This mount.nfs binary should be installed at /sbin/mount.nfs as follows: + + $ sudo cp utils/mount/mount.nfs /sbin/mount.nfs + + In this location, mount.nfs will be invoked automatically for NFS mounts + by the system mount commmand. + + NOTE: mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater is only needed on the NFS client machine. You do not need this specific version of nfs-utils on the server. Furthermore, only the mount.nfs command from - nfs-utils-1.1.1 is needed on the client. + nfs-utils-1.1.2 is needed on the client. - Install a Linux kernel with NFS/RDMA @@ -156,8 +169,8 @@ Check RDMA and NFS Setup this time. For example, if you are using a Mellanox Tavor/Sinai/Arbel card: - > modprobe ib_mthca - > modprobe ib_ipoib + $ modprobe ib_mthca + $ modprobe ib_ipoib If you are using InfiniBand, make sure there is a Subnet Manager (SM) running on the network. If your IB switch has an embedded SM, you can @@ -166,7 +179,7 @@ Check RDMA and NFS Setup If an SM is running on your network, you should see the following: - > cat /sys/class/infiniband/driverX/ports/1/state + $ cat /sys/class/infiniband/driverX/ports/1/state 4: ACTIVE where driverX is mthca0, ipath5, ehca3, etc. @@ -174,10 +187,10 @@ Check RDMA and NFS Setup To further test the InfiniBand software stack, use IPoIB (this assumes you have two IB hosts named host1 and host2): - host1> ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.x - host2> ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.y - host1> ping a.b.c.y - host2> ping a.b.c.x + host1$ ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.x + host2$ ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.y + host1$ ping a.b.c.y + host2$ ping a.b.c.x For other device types, follow the appropriate procedures. @@ -202,11 +215,11 @@ NFS/RDMA Setup /vol0 192.168.0.47(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash) /vol0 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash) - The IP address(es) is(are) the client's IPoIB address for an InfiniBand HCA or the - cleint's iWARP address(es) for an RNIC. + The IP address(es) is(are) the client's IPoIB address for an InfiniBand + HCA or the cleint's iWARP address(es) for an RNIC. - NOTE: The "insecure" option must be used because the NFS/RDMA client does not - use a reserved port. + NOTE: The "insecure" option must be used because the NFS/RDMA client does + not use a reserved port. Each time a machine boots: @@ -214,43 +227,45 @@ NFS/RDMA Setup For InfiniBand using a Mellanox adapter: - > modprobe ib_mthca - > modprobe ib_ipoib - > ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.d + $ modprobe ib_mthca + $ modprobe ib_ipoib + $ ifconfig ib0 a.b.c.d NOTE: use unique addresses for the client and server - Start the NFS server - If the NFS/RDMA server was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in kernel config), - load the RDMA transport module: + If the NFS/RDMA server was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in + kernel config), load the RDMA transport module: - > modprobe svcrdma + $ modprobe svcrdma - Regardless of how the server was built (module or built-in), start the server: + Regardless of how the server was built (module or built-in), start the + server: - > /etc/init.d/nfs start + $ /etc/init.d/nfs start or - > service nfs start + $ service nfs start Instruct the server to listen on the RDMA transport: - > echo rdma 2050 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist + $ echo rdma 2050 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist - On the client system - If the NFS/RDMA client was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in kernel config), - load the RDMA client module: + If the NFS/RDMA client was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in + kernel config), load the RDMA client module: - > modprobe xprtrdma.ko + $ modprobe xprtrdma.ko - Regardless of how the client was built (module or built-in), issue the mount.nfs command: + Regardless of how the client was built (module or built-in), use this + command to mount the NFS/RDMA server: - > /path/to/your/mount.nfs <IPoIB-server-name-or-address>:/<export> /mnt -i -o rdma,port=2050 + $ mount -o rdma,port=2050 <IPoIB-server-name-or-address>:/<export> /mnt - To verify that the mount is using RDMA, run "cat /proc/mounts" and check the - "proto" field for the given mount. + To verify that the mount is using RDMA, run "cat /proc/mounts" and check + the "proto" field for the given mount. Congratulations! You're using NFS/RDMA! diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index dbc3c6a3650f..7f268f327d75 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -380,28 +380,35 @@ i386 and x86_64 platforms support the new IRQ vector displays. Of some interest is the introduction of the /proc/irq directory to 2.4. It could be used to set IRQ to CPU affinity, this means that you can "hook" an IRQ to only one CPU, or to exclude a CPU of handling IRQs. The contents of the -irq subdir is one subdir for each IRQ, and one file; prof_cpu_mask +irq subdir is one subdir for each IRQ, and two files; default_smp_affinity and +prof_cpu_mask. For example > ls /proc/irq/ 0 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 6 8 prof_cpu_mask - 1 11 13 15 17 19 3 5 7 9 + 1 11 13 15 17 19 3 5 7 9 default_smp_affinity > ls /proc/irq/0/ smp_affinity -The contents of the prof_cpu_mask file and each smp_affinity file for each IRQ -is the same by default: +smp_affinity is a bitmask, in which you can specify which CPUs can handle the +IRQ, you can set it by doing: - > cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity - ffffffff + > echo 1 > /proc/irq/10/smp_affinity + +This means that only the first CPU will handle the IRQ, but you can also echo +5 which means that only the first and fourth CPU can handle the IRQ. -It's a bitmask, in which you can specify which CPUs can handle the IRQ, you can -set it by doing: +The contents of each smp_affinity file is the same by default: + + > cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity + ffffffff - > echo 1 > /proc/irq/prof_cpu_mask +The default_smp_affinity mask applies to all non-active IRQs, which are the +IRQs which have not yet been allocated/activated, and hence which lack a +/proc/irq/[0-9]* directory. -This means that only the first CPU will handle the IRQ, but you can also echo 5 -which means that only the first and fourth CPU can handle the IRQ. +prof_cpu_mask specifies which CPUs are to be profiled by the system wide +profiler. Default value is ffffffff (all cpus). The way IRQs are routed is handled by the IO-APIC, and it's Round Robin between all the CPUs which are allowed to handle it. As usual the kernel has diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt index 7f27b8f840d0..9e9c348275a9 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt @@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ The top level sysfs directory looks like: block/ bus/ class/ +dev/ devices/ firmware/ net/ @@ -274,6 +275,11 @@ fs/ contains a directory for some filesystems. Currently each filesystem wanting to export attributes must create its own hierarchy below fs/ (see ./fuse.txt for an example). +dev/ contains two directories char/ and block/. Inside these two +directories there are symlinks named <major>:<minor>. These symlinks +point to the sysfs directory for the given device. /sys/dev provides a +quick way to lookup the sysfs interface for a device from the result of +a stat(2) operation. More information can driver-model specific features can be found in Documentation/driver-model/. diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 b/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 index 8f446070e64a..b1fe00999439 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/dme1737 @@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ Module Parameters and PWM output control functions. Using this parameter shouldn't be required since the BIOS usually takes care of this. +* probe_all_addr: bool Include non-standard LPC addresses 0x162e and 0x164e + when probing for ISA devices. This is required for the + following boards: + - VIA EPIA SN18000 Note that there is no need to use this parameter if the driver loads without complaining. The driver will say so if it is necessary. diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 b/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 index 9549237530cf..6d41db7f17f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/lm85 @@ -96,11 +96,6 @@ initial testing of the ADM1027 it was 1.00 degC steps. Analog Devices has confirmed this "bug". The ADT7463 is reported to work as described in the documentation. The current lm85 driver does not show the offset register. -The ADT7463 has a THERM asserted counter. This counter has a 22.76ms -resolution and a range of 5.8 seconds. The driver implements a 32-bit -accumulator of the counter value to extend the range to over a year. The -counter will stay at it's max value until read. - See the vendor datasheets for more information. There is application note from National (AN-1260) with some additional information about the LM85. The Analog Devices datasheet is very detailed and describes a procedure for @@ -206,13 +201,15 @@ Configuration choices: The National LM85's have two vendor specific configuration features. Tach. mode and Spinup Control. For more details on these, -see the LM85 datasheet or Application Note AN-1260. +see the LM85 datasheet or Application Note AN-1260. These features +are not currently supported by the lm85 driver. The Analog Devices ADM1027 has several vendor specific enhancements. The number of pulses-per-rev of the fans can be set, Tach monitoring can be optimized for PWM operation, and an offset can be applied to the temperatures to compensate for systemic errors in the -measurements. +measurements. These features are not currently supported by the lm85 +driver. In addition to the ADM1027 features, the ADT7463 also has Tmin control and THERM asserted counts. Automatic Tmin control acts to adjust the diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i810 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i810 deleted file mode 100644 index 778210ee1583..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i810 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -Kernel driver i2c-i810 - -Supported adapters: - * Intel 82810, 82810-DC100, 82810E, and 82815 (GMCH) - * Intel 82845G (GMCH) - -Authors: - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>, - Philip Edelbrock <phil@netroedge.com>, - Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>, - Ralph Metzler <rjkm@thp.uni-koeln.de>, - Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com> - -Main contact: Mark Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com> - -Description ------------ - -WARNING: If you have an '810' or '815' motherboard, your standard I2C -temperature sensors are most likely on the 801's I2C bus. You want the -i2c-i801 driver for those, not this driver. - -Now for the i2c-i810... - -The GMCH chip contains two I2C interfaces. - -The first interface is used for DDC (Data Display Channel) which is a -serial channel through the VGA monitor connector to a DDC-compliant -monitor. This interface is defined by the Video Electronics Standards -Association (VESA). The standards are available for purchase at -http://www.vesa.org . - -The second interface is a general-purpose I2C bus. It may be connected to a -TV-out chip such as the BT869 or possibly to a digital flat-panel display. - -Features --------- - -Both busses use the i2c-algo-bit driver for 'bit banging' -and support for specific transactions is provided by i2c-algo-bit. - -Issues ------- - -If you enable bus testing in i2c-algo-bit (insmod i2c-algo-bit bit_test=1), -the test may fail; if so, the i2c-i810 driver won't be inserted. However, -we think this has been fixed. diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-prosavage b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-prosavage deleted file mode 100644 index 703687902511..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-prosavage +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -Kernel driver i2c-prosavage - -Supported adapters: - - S3/VIA KM266/VT8375 aka ProSavage8 - S3/VIA KM133/VT8365 aka Savage4 - -Author: Henk Vergonet <henk@god.dyndns.org> - -Description ------------ - -The Savage4 chips contain two I2C interfaces (aka a I2C 'master' or -'host'). - -The first interface is used for DDC (Data Display Channel) which is a -serial channel through the VGA monitor connector to a DDC-compliant -monitor. This interface is defined by the Video Electronics Standards -Association (VESA). The standards are available for purchase at -http://www.vesa.org . The second interface is a general-purpose I2C bus. - -Usefull for gaining access to the TV Encoder chips. - diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-savage4 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-savage4 deleted file mode 100644 index 6ecceab618d3..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-savage4 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -Kernel driver i2c-savage4 - -Supported adapters: - * Savage4 - * Savage2000 - -Authors: - Alexander Wold <awold@bigfoot.com>, - Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com> - -Description ------------ - -The Savage4 chips contain two I2C interfaces (aka a I2C 'master' -or 'host'). - -The first interface is used for DDC (Data Display Channel) which is a -serial channel through the VGA monitor connector to a DDC-compliant -monitor. This interface is defined by the Video Electronics Standards -Association (VESA). The standards are available for purchase at -http://www.vesa.org . The DDC bus is not yet supported because its register -is not directly memory-mapped. - -The second interface is a general-purpose I2C bus. This is the only -interface supported by the driver at the moment. - diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/chips/max6875 b/Documentation/i2c/chips/max6875 index a0cd8af2f408..10ca43cd1a72 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/chips/max6875 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/chips/max6875 @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ $ modprobe max6875 force=0,0x50 The MAX6874/MAX6875 ignores address bit 0, so this driver attaches to multiple addresses. For example, for address 0x50, it also reserves 0x51. -The even-address instance is called 'max6875', the odd one is 'max6875 subclient'. +The even-address instance is called 'max6875', the odd one is 'dummy'. Programming the chip using i2c-dev diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/chips/pca9539 b/Documentation/i2c/chips/pca9539 index 1d81c530c4a5..6aff890088b1 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/chips/pca9539 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/chips/pca9539 @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ drivers/gpio/pca9539.c instead. Supported chips: * Philips PCA9539 Prefix: 'pca9539' - Addresses scanned: 0x74 - 0x77 + Addresses scanned: none Datasheet: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/acrobat/datasheets/PCA9539_2.pdf @@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ The input sense can also be inverted. The 16 lines are split between two bytes. +Detection +--------- + +The PCA9539 is difficult to detect and not commonly found in PC machines, +so you have to pass the I2C bus and address of the installed PCA9539 +devices explicitly to the driver at load time via the force=... parameter. + + Sysfs entries ------------- diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8574 b/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8574 index 5c1ad1376b62..235815c075ff 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8574 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8574 @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ Kernel driver pcf8574 Supported chips: * Philips PCF8574 Prefix: 'pcf8574' - Addresses scanned: I2C 0x20 - 0x27 + Addresses scanned: none Datasheet: Publicly available at the Philips Semiconductors website http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/pip/PCF8574P.html * Philips PCF8574A Prefix: 'pcf8574a' - Addresses scanned: I2C 0x38 - 0x3f + Addresses scanned: none Datasheet: Publicly available at the Philips Semiconductors website http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/pip/PCF8574P.html @@ -38,12 +38,10 @@ For more informations see the datasheet. Accessing PCF8574(A) via /sys interface ------------------------------------- -! Be careful ! The PCF8574(A) is plainly impossible to detect ! Stupid chip. -So every chip with address in the interval [20..27] and [38..3f] are -detected as PCF8574(A). If you have other chips in this address -range, the workaround is to load this module after the one -for your others chips. +So, you have to pass the I2C bus and address of the installed PCF857A +and PCF8574A devices explicitly to the driver at load time via the +force=... parameter. On detection (i.e. insmod, modprobe et al.), directories are being created for each detected PCF8574(A): diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8575 b/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8575 index 25f5698a61cf..40b268eb276f 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8575 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/chips/pcf8575 @@ -40,12 +40,9 @@ Detection --------- There is no method known to detect whether a chip on a given I2C address is -a PCF8575 or whether it is any other I2C device. So there are two alternatives -to let the driver find the installed PCF8575 devices: -- Load this driver after any other I2C driver for I2C devices with addresses - in the range 0x20 .. 0x27. -- Pass the I2C bus and address of the installed PCF8575 devices explicitly to - the driver at load time via the probe=... or force=... parameters. +a PCF8575 or whether it is any other I2C device, so you have to pass the I2C +bus and address of the installed PCF8575 devices explicitly to the driver at +load time via the force=... parameter. /sys interface -------------- diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/fault-codes b/Documentation/i2c/fault-codes new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..045765c0b9b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/i2c/fault-codes @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +This is a summary of the most important conventions for use of fault +codes in the I2C/SMBus stack. + + +A "Fault" is not always an "Error" +---------------------------------- +Not all fault reports imply errors; "page faults" should be a familiar +example. Software often retries idempotent operations after transient +faults. There may be fancier recovery schemes that are appropriate in +some cases, such as re-initializing (and maybe resetting). After such +recovery, triggered by a fault report, there is no error. + +In a similar way, sometimes a "fault" code just reports one defined +result for an operation ... it doesn't indicate that anything is wrong +at all, just that the outcome wasn't on the "golden path". + +In short, your I2C driver code may need to know these codes in order +to respond correctly. Other code may need to rely on YOUR code reporting +the right fault code, so that it can (in turn) behave correctly. + + +I2C and SMBus fault codes +------------------------- +These are returned as negative numbers from most calls, with zero or +some positive number indicating a non-fault return. The specific +numbers associated with these symbols differ between architectures, +though most Linux systems use <asm-generic/errno*.h> numbering. + +Note that the descriptions here are not exhaustive. There are other +codes that may be returned, and other cases where these codes should +be returned. However, drivers should not return other codes for these +cases (unless the hardware doesn't provide unique fault reports). + +Also, codes returned by adapter probe methods follow rules which are +specific to their host bus (such as PCI, or the platform bus). + + +EAGAIN + Returned by I2C adapters when they lose arbitration in master + transmit mode: some other master was transmitting different + data at the same time. + + Also returned when trying to invoke an I2C operation in an + atomic context, when some task is already using that I2C bus + to execute some other operation. + +EBADMSG + Returned by SMBus logic when an invalid Packet Error Code byte + is received. This code is a CRC covering all bytes in the + transaction, and is sent before the terminating STOP. This + fault is only reported on read transactions; the SMBus slave + may have a way to report PEC mismatches on writes from the + host. Note that even if PECs are in use, you should not rely + on these as the only way to detect incorrect data transfers. + +EBUSY + Returned by SMBus adapters when the bus was busy for longer + than allowed. This usually indicates some device (maybe the + SMBus adapter) needs some fault recovery (such as resetting), + or that the reset was attempted but failed. + +EINVAL + This rather vague error means an invalid parameter has been + detected before any I/O operation was started. Use a more + specific fault code when you can. + + One example would be a driver trying an SMBus Block Write + with block size outside the range of 1-32 bytes. + +EIO + This rather vague error means something went wrong when + performing an I/O operation. Use a more specific fault + code when you can. + +ENODEV + Returned by driver probe() methods. This is a bit more + specific than ENXIO, implying the problem isn't with the + address, but with the device found there. Driver probes + may verify the device returns *correct* responses, and + return this as appropriate. (The driver core will warn + about probe faults other than ENXIO and ENODEV.) + +ENOMEM + Returned by any component that can't allocate memory when + it needs to do so. + +ENXIO + Returned by I2C adapters to indicate that the address phase + of a transfer didn't get an ACK. While it might just mean + an I2C device was temporarily not responding, usually it + means there's nothing listening at that address. + + Returned by driver probe() methods to indicate that they + found no device to bind to. (ENODEV may also be used.) + +EOPNOTSUPP + Returned by an adapter when asked to perform an operation + that it doesn't, or can't, support. + + For example, this would be returned when an adapter that + doesn't support SMBus block transfers is asked to execute + one. In that case, the driver making that request should + have verified that functionality was supported before it + made that block transfer request. + + Similarly, if an I2C adapter can't execute all legal I2C + messages, it should return this when asked to perform a + transaction it can't. (These limitations can't be seen in + the adapter's functionality mask, since the assumption is + that if an adapter supports I2C it supports all of I2C.) + +EPROTO + Returned when slave does not conform to the relevant I2C + or SMBus (or chip-specific) protocol specifications. One + case is when the length of an SMBus block data response + (from the SMBus slave) is outside the range 1-32 bytes. + +ETIMEDOUT + This is returned by drivers when an operation took too much + time, and was aborted before it completed. + + SMBus adapters may return it when an operation took more + time than allowed by the SMBus specification; for example, + when a slave stretches clocks too far. I2C has no such + timeouts, but it's normal for I2C adapters to impose some + arbitrary limits (much longer than SMBus!) too. + diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol b/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol index 03f08fb491cc..24bfb65da17d 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol +++ b/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol @@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ Count (8 bits): A data byte containing the length of a block operation. [..]: Data sent by I2C device, as opposed to data sent by the host adapter. -SMBus Quick Command: i2c_smbus_write_quick() -============================================= +SMBus Quick Command +=================== This sends a single bit to the device, at the place of the Rd/Wr bit. diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients index ee75cbace28d..6b61b3a2e90b 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients +++ b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients @@ -25,14 +25,29 @@ routines, and should be zero-initialized except for fields with data you provide. A client structure holds device-specific information like the driver model device node, and its I2C address. +/* iff driver uses driver model ("new style") binding model: */ + +static struct i2c_device_id foo_idtable[] = { + { "foo", my_id_for_foo }, + { "bar", my_id_for_bar }, + { } +}; + +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(i2c, foo_idtable); + static struct i2c_driver foo_driver = { .driver = { .name = "foo", }, /* iff driver uses driver model ("new style") binding model: */ + .id_table = foo_ids, .probe = foo_probe, .remove = foo_remove, + /* if device autodetection is needed: */ + .class = I2C_CLASS_SOMETHING, + .detect = foo_detect, + .address_data = &addr_data, /* else, driver uses "legacy" binding model: */ .attach_adapter = foo_attach_adapter, @@ -173,10 +188,9 @@ handle may be used during foo_probe(). If foo_probe() reports success (zero not a negative status code) it may save the handle and use it until foo_remove() returns. That binding model is used by most Linux drivers. -Drivers match devices when i2c_client.driver_name and the driver name are -the same; this approach is used in several other busses that don't have -device typing support in the hardware. The driver and module name should -match, so hotplug/coldplug mechanisms will modprobe the driver. +The probe function is called when an entry in the id_table name field +matches the device's name. It is passed the entry that was matched so +the driver knows which one in the table matched. Device Creation (Standard driver model) @@ -207,6 +221,31 @@ in the I2C bus driver. You may want to save the returned i2c_client reference for later use. +Device Detection (Standard driver model) +---------------------------------------- + +Sometimes you do not know in advance which I2C devices are connected to +a given I2C bus. This is for example the case of hardware monitoring +devices on a PC's SMBus. In that case, you may want to let your driver +detect supported devices automatically. This is how the legacy model +was working, and is now available as an extension to the standard +driver model (so that we can finally get rid of the legacy model.) + +You simply have to define a detect callback which will attempt to +identify supported devices (returning 0 for supported ones and -ENODEV +for unsupported ones), a list of addresses to probe, and a device type +(or class) so that only I2C buses which may have that type of device +connected (and not otherwise enumerated) will be probed. The i2c +core will then call you back as needed and will instantiate a device +for you for every successful detection. + +Note that this mechanism is purely optional and not suitable for all +devices. You need some reliable way to identify the supported devices +(typically using device-specific, dedicated identification registers), +otherwise misdetections are likely to occur and things can get wrong +quickly. + + Device Deletion (Standard driver model) --------------------------------------- @@ -559,7 +598,6 @@ SMBus communication in terms of it. Never use this function directly! - extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(struct i2c_client * client, u8 value); extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(struct i2c_client * client); extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(struct i2c_client * client, u8 value); extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command); @@ -568,30 +606,31 @@ SMBus communication extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command); extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command, u16 value); + extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(struct i2c_client * client, + u8 command, u8 *values); extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values); extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values); - -These ones were removed in Linux 2.6.10 because they had no users, but could -be added back later if needed: - - extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(struct i2c_client * client, - u8 command, u8 *values); extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values); + +These ones were removed from i2c-core because they had no users, but could +be added back later if needed: + + extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(struct i2c_client * client, u8 value); extern s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command, u16 value); extern s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(struct i2c_client *client, u8 command, u8 length, u8 *values) -All these transactions return -1 on failure. The 'write' transactions -return 0 on success; the 'read' transactions return the read value, except -for read_block, which returns the number of values read. The block buffers -need not be longer than 32 bytes. +All these transactions return a negative errno value on failure. The 'write' +transactions return 0 on success; the 'read' transactions return the read +value, except for block transactions, which return the number of values +read. The block buffers need not be longer than 32 bytes. You can read the file `smbus-protocol' for more information about the actual SMBus protocol. diff --git a/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt b/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt index 240ce7a56c40..3bb5f466a90d 100644 --- a/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt +++ b/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt @@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ Code Seq# Include File Comments <mailto:natalia@nikhefk.nikhef.nl> 'c' 00-7F linux/comstats.h conflict! 'c' 00-7F linux/coda.h conflict! +'c' 80-9F asm-s390/chsc.h 'd' 00-FF linux/char/drm/drm/h conflict! 'd' 00-DF linux/video_decoder.h conflict! 'd' F0-FF linux/digi1.h diff --git a/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt b/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt index c19efdeace2c..91a6ecbae0bb 100644 --- a/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt +++ b/Documentation/ioctl/hdio.txt @@ -508,12 +508,13 @@ HDIO_DRIVE_RESET execute a device reset error returns: EACCES Access denied: requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN + ENXIO No such device: phy dead or ctl_addr == 0 + EIO I/O error: reset timed out or hardware error notes: - Abort any current command, prevent anything else from being - queued, execute a reset on the device, and issue BLKRRPART - ioctl on the block device. + Execute a reset on the device as soon as the current IO + operation has completed. Executes an ATAPI soft reset if applicable, otherwise executes an ATA soft reset on the controller. diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index e07c432c731f..f600d9df8fcc 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -147,10 +147,14 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file default: 0 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options - Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep } + Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, old_ordering } See Documentation/power/video.txt for s3_bios and s3_mode. s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called. + old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS + control method, wrt putting devices into low power + states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering of _PTS is + used by default). acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode Format: { level | edge | high | low } @@ -599,6 +603,29 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file See drivers/char/README.epca and Documentation/digiepca.txt. + disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86] + enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86] + The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous + to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB + entry later. This parameter enables/disables that. + + mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86] + used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continous chunk + that could hold holes aka. UC entries. + + mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86] + Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block. + Default is 1. + Large value could prevent small alignment from + using up MTRRs. + + mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86] + Format: <integer> + Range: 0,7 : spare reg number + Default : 1 + Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number. + Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more. + disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only] By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable memory out of your available memory pool based on @@ -722,9 +749,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect> - hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - hd?lun= See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. - highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem @@ -785,7 +809,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file See Documentation/ide/ide.txt. idle= [X86] - Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait + Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait, idle = halt, idle=nomwait Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly improves the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but will use a lot of power and make the system run hot. Not recommended. @@ -793,6 +817,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file to not use it because it doesn't save as much power as a normal idle loop use the MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be the same as idle=poll. + idle = halt . Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle. + In such case C2/C3 won't be used again. + idle = nomwait. disable Mwait for CPU C-state. + In such case C2C3_FFH access mode will be disabled. ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers. @@ -1496,6 +1524,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file Use with caution as certain devices share address decoders between ROMs and other resources. + norom [X86-32,X86_64] Do not assign address space to + expansion ROMs that do not already have + BIOS assigned address ranges. irqmask=0xMMMM [X86-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards @@ -1971,6 +2002,9 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA] + softlockup_panic= + [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics. + sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver See Documentation/sonypi.txt diff --git a/Documentation/kobject.txt b/Documentation/kobject.txt index 51a8021ee532..f5d2aad65a67 100644 --- a/Documentation/kobject.txt +++ b/Documentation/kobject.txt @@ -118,6 +118,10 @@ the name of the kobject, call kobject_rename(): int kobject_rename(struct kobject *kobj, const char *new_name); +Note kobject_rename does perform any locking or have a solid notion of +what names are valid so the provide must provide their own sanity checking +and serialization. + There is a function called kobject_set_name() but that is legacy cruft and is being removed. If your code needs to call this function, it is incorrect and needs to be fixed. diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-domains.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-domains.txt index a9e990ab980f..373ceacc367e 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-domains.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-domains.txt @@ -61,10 +61,7 @@ builder by #define'ing ARCH_HASH_SCHED_DOMAIN, and exporting your arch_init_sched_domains function. This function will attach domains to all CPUs using cpu_attach_domain. -Implementors should change the line -#undef SCHED_DOMAIN_DEBUG -to -#define SCHED_DOMAIN_DEBUG -in kernel/sched.c as this enables an error checking parse of the sched domains +The sched-domains debugging infrastructure can be enabled by enabling +CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG. This enables an error checking parse of the sched domains which should catch most possible errors (described above). It also prints out the domain structure in a visual format. diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt index 14f901f639ee..3ef339f491e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt @@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ needs only about 3% CPU time to do so, it can do with a 0.03 * 0.005s = 0.00015s. So this group can be scheduled with a period of 0.005s and a run time of 0.00015s. -The remaining CPU time will be used for user input and other tass. Because +The remaining CPU time will be used for user input and other tasks. Because realtime tasks have explicitly allocated the CPU time they need to perform -their tasks, buffer underruns in the graphocs or audio can be eliminated. +their tasks, buffer underruns in the graphics or audio can be eliminated. NOTE: the above example is not fully implemented as of yet (2.6.25). We still lack an EDF scheduler to make non-uniform periods usable. diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt b/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt index d16011a8618e..709ca991a451 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt +++ b/Documentation/scsi/aacraid.txt @@ -56,19 +56,33 @@ Supported Cards/Chipsets 9005:0285:9005:02d1 Adaptec 5405 (Voodoo40) 9005:0285:15d9:02d2 SMC AOC-USAS-S8i-LP 9005:0285:15d9:02d3 SMC AOC-USAS-S8iR-LP - 9005:0285:9005:02d4 Adaptec 2045 (Voodoo04 Lite) - 9005:0285:9005:02d5 Adaptec 2405 (Voodoo40 Lite) - 9005:0285:9005:02d6 Adaptec 2445 (Voodoo44 Lite) - 9005:0285:9005:02d7 Adaptec 2805 (Voodoo80 Lite) + 9005:0285:9005:02d4 Adaptec ASR-2045 (Voodoo04 Lite) + 9005:0285:9005:02d5 Adaptec ASR-2405 (Voodoo40 Lite) + 9005:0285:9005:02d6 Adaptec ASR-2445 (Voodoo44 Lite) + 9005:0285:9005:02d7 Adaptec ASR-2805 (Voodoo80 Lite) + 9005:0285:9005:02d8 Adaptec 5405G (Voodoo40 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02d9 Adaptec 5445G (Voodoo44 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02da Adaptec 5805G (Voodoo80 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02db Adaptec 5085G (Voodoo08 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02dc Adaptec 51245G (Voodoo124 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02dd Adaptec 51645G (Voodoo164 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02de Adaptec 52445G (Voodoo244 PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02df Adaptec ASR-2045G (Voodoo04 Lite PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02e0 Adaptec ASR-2405G (Voodoo40 Lite PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02e1 Adaptec ASR-2445G (Voodoo44 Lite PM) + 9005:0285:9005:02e2 Adaptec ASR-2805G (Voodoo80 Lite PM) 1011:0046:9005:0364 Adaptec 5400S (Mustang) + 1011:0046:9005:0365 Adaptec 5400S (Mustang) 9005:0287:9005:0800 Adaptec Themisto (Jupiter) 9005:0200:9005:0200 Adaptec Themisto (Jupiter) 9005:0286:9005:0800 Adaptec Callisto (Jupiter) 1011:0046:9005:1364 Dell PERC 2/QC (Quad Channel, Mustang) + 1011:0046:9005:1365 Dell PERC 2/QC (Quad Channel, Mustang) 1028:0001:1028:0001 Dell PERC 2/Si (Iguana) 1028:0003:1028:0003 Dell PERC 3/Si (SlimFast) 1028:0002:1028:0002 Dell PERC 3/Di (Opal) - 1028:0004:1028:0004 Dell PERC 3/DiF (Iguana) + 1028:0004:1028:0004 Dell PERC 3/SiF (Iguana) + 1028:0004:1028:00d0 Dell PERC 3/DiF (Iguana) 1028:0002:1028:00d1 Dell PERC 3/DiV (Viper) 1028:0002:1028:00d9 Dell PERC 3/DiL (Lexus) 1028:000a:1028:0106 Dell PERC 3/DiJ (Jaguar) diff --git a/Documentation/tracers/mmiotrace.txt b/Documentation/tracers/mmiotrace.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a4afb560a45b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/tracers/mmiotrace.txt @@ -0,0 +1,164 @@ + In-kernel memory-mapped I/O tracing + + +Home page and links to optional user space tools: + + http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/MmioTrace + +MMIO tracing was originally developed by Intel around 2003 for their Fault +Injection Test Harness. In Dec 2006 - Jan 2007, using the code from Intel, +Jeff Muizelaar created a tool for tracing MMIO accesses with the Nouveau +project in mind. Since then many people have contributed. + +Mmiotrace was built for reverse engineering any memory-mapped IO device with +the Nouveau project as the first real user. Only x86 and x86_64 architectures +are supported. + +Out-of-tree mmiotrace was originally modified for mainline inclusion and +ftrace framework by Pekka Paalanen <pq@iki.fi>. + + +Preparation +----------- + +Mmiotrace feature is compiled in by the CONFIG_MMIOTRACE option. Tracing is +disabled by default, so it is safe to have this set to yes. SMP systems are +supported, but tracing is unreliable and may miss events if more than one CPU +is on-line, therefore mmiotrace takes all but one CPU off-line during run-time +activation. You can re-enable CPUs by hand, but you have been warned, there +is no way to automatically detect if you are losing events due to CPUs racing. + + +Usage Quick Reference +--------------------- + +$ mount -t debugfs debugfs /debug +$ echo mmiotrace > /debug/tracing/current_tracer +$ cat /debug/tracing/trace_pipe > mydump.txt & +Start X or whatever. +$ echo "X is up" > /debug/tracing/marker +$ echo none > /debug/tracing/current_tracer +Check for lost events. + + +Usage +----- + +Make sure debugfs is mounted to /debug. If not, (requires root privileges) +$ mount -t debugfs debugfs /debug + +Check that the driver you are about to trace is not loaded. + +Activate mmiotrace (requires root privileges): +$ echo mmiotrace > /debug/tracing/current_tracer + +Start storing the trace: +$ cat /debug/tracing/trace_pipe > mydump.txt & +The 'cat' process should stay running (sleeping) in the background. + +Load the driver you want to trace and use it. Mmiotrace will only catch MMIO +accesses to areas that are ioremapped while mmiotrace is active. + +[Unimplemented feature:] +During tracing you can place comments (markers) into the trace by +$ echo "X is up" > /debug/tracing/marker +This makes it easier to see which part of the (huge) trace corresponds to +which action. It is recommended to place descriptive markers about what you +do. + +Shut down mmiotrace (requires root privileges): +$ echo none > /debug/tracing/current_tracer +The 'cat' process exits. If it does not, kill it by issuing 'fg' command and +pressing ctrl+c. + +Check that mmiotrace did not lose events due to a buffer filling up. Either +$ grep -i lost mydump.txt +which tells you exactly how many events were lost, or use +$ dmesg +to view your kernel log and look for "mmiotrace has lost events" warning. If +events were lost, the trace is incomplete. You should enlarge the buffers and +try again. Buffers are enlarged by first seeing how large the current buffers +are: +$ cat /debug/tracing/trace_entries +gives you a number. Approximately double this number and write it back, for +instance: +$ echo 128000 > /debug/tracing/trace_entries +Then start again from the top. + +If you are doing a trace for a driver project, e.g. Nouveau, you should also +do the following before sending your results: +$ lspci -vvv > lspci.txt +$ dmesg > dmesg.txt +$ tar zcf pciid-nick-mmiotrace.tar.gz mydump.txt lspci.txt dmesg.txt +and then send the .tar.gz file. The trace compresses considerably. Replace +"pciid" and "nick" with the PCI ID or model name of your piece of hardware +under investigation and your nick name. + + +How Mmiotrace Works +------------------- + +Access to hardware IO-memory is gained by mapping addresses from PCI bus by +calling one of the ioremap_*() functions. Mmiotrace is hooked into the +__ioremap() function and gets called whenever a mapping is created. Mapping is +an event that is recorded into the trace log. Note, that ISA range mappings +are not caught, since the mapping always exists and is returned directly. + +MMIO accesses are recorded via page faults. Just before __ioremap() returns, +the mapped pages are marked as not present. Any access to the pages causes a +fault. The page fault handler calls mmiotrace to handle the fault. Mmiotrace +marks the page present, sets TF flag to achieve single stepping and exits the +fault handler. The instruction that faulted is executed and debug trap is +entered. Here mmiotrace again marks the page as not present. The instruction +is decoded to get the type of operation (read/write), data width and the value +read or written. These are stored to the trace log. + +Setting the page present in the page fault handler has a race condition on SMP +machines. During the single stepping other CPUs may run freely on that page +and events can be missed without a notice. Re-enabling other CPUs during +tracing is discouraged. + + +Trace Log Format +---------------- + +The raw log is text and easily filtered with e.g. grep and awk. One record is +one line in the log. A record starts with a keyword, followed by keyword +dependant arguments. Arguments are separated by a space, or continue until the +end of line. The format for version 20070824 is as follows: + +Explanation Keyword Space separated arguments +--------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +read event R width, timestamp, map id, physical, value, PC, PID +write event W width, timestamp, map id, physical, value, PC, PID +ioremap event MAP timestamp, map id, physical, virtual, length, PC, PID +iounmap event UNMAP timestamp, map id, PC, PID +marker MARK timestamp, text +version VERSION the string "20070824" +info for reader LSPCI one line from lspci -v +PCI address map PCIDEV space separated /proc/bus/pci/devices data +unk. opcode UNKNOWN timestamp, map id, physical, data, PC, PID + +Timestamp is in seconds with decimals. Physical is a PCI bus address, virtual +is a kernel virtual address. Width is the data width in bytes and value is the +data value. Map id is an arbitrary id number identifying the mapping that was +used in an operation. PC is the program counter and PID is process id. PC is +zero if it is not recorded. PID is always zero as tracing MMIO accesses +originating in user space memory is not yet supported. + +For instance, the following awk filter will pass all 32-bit writes that target +physical addresses in the range [0xfb73ce40, 0xfb800000[ + +$ awk '/W 4 / { adr=strtonum($5); if (adr >= 0xfb73ce40 && +adr < 0xfb800000) print; }' + + +Tools for Developers +-------------------- + +The user space tools include utilities for: +- replacing numeric addresses and values with hardware register names +- replaying MMIO logs, i.e., re-executing the recorded writes + + diff --git a/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt b/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4c3d62c7843a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/WUSB-Design-overview.txt @@ -0,0 +1,448 @@ + +Linux UWB + Wireless USB + WiNET + + (C) 2005-2006 Intel Corporation + Inaky Perez-Gonzalez <inaky.perez-gonzalez@intel.com> + + This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or + modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version + 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation. + + This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA + 02110-1301, USA. + + +Please visit http://bughost.org/thewiki/Design-overview.txt-1.8 for +updated content. + + * Design-overview.txt-1.8 + +This code implements a Ultra Wide Band stack for Linux, as well as +drivers for the the USB based UWB radio controllers defined in the +Wireless USB 1.0 specification (including Wireless USB host controller +and an Intel WiNET controller). + + 1. Introduction + 1. HWA: Host Wire adapters, your Wireless USB dongle + + 2. DWA: Device Wired Adaptor, a Wireless USB hub for wired + devices + 3. WHCI: Wireless Host Controller Interface, the PCI WUSB host + adapter + 2. The UWB stack + 1. Devices and hosts: the basic structure + + 2. Host Controller life cycle + + 3. On the air: beacons and enumerating the radio neighborhood + + 4. Device lists + 5. Bandwidth allocation + + 3. Wireless USB Host Controller drivers + + 4. Glossary + + + Introduction + +UWB is a wide-band communication protocol that is to serve also as the +low-level protocol for others (much like TCP sits on IP). Currently +these others are Wireless USB and TCP/IP, but seems Bluetooth and +Firewire/1394 are coming along. + +UWB uses a band from roughly 3 to 10 GHz, transmitting at a max of +~-41dB (or 0.074 uW/MHz--geography specific data is still being +negotiated w/ regulators, so watch for changes). That band is divided in +a bunch of ~1.5 GHz wide channels (or band groups) composed of three +subbands/subchannels (528 MHz each). Each channel is independent of each +other, so you could consider them different "busses". Initially this +driver considers them all a single one. + +Radio time is divided in 65536 us long /superframes/, each one divided +in 256 256us long /MASs/ (Media Allocation Slots), which are the basic +time/media allocation units for transferring data. At the beginning of +each superframe there is a Beacon Period (BP), where every device +transmit its beacon on a single MAS. The length of the BP depends on how +many devices are present and the length of their beacons. + +Devices have a MAC (fixed, 48 bit address) and a device (changeable, 16 +bit address) and send periodic beacons to advertise themselves and pass +info on what they are and do. They advertise their capabilities and a +bunch of other stuff. + +The different logical parts of this driver are: + + * + + *UWB*: the Ultra-Wide-Band stack -- manages the radio and + associated spectrum to allow for devices sharing it. Allows to + control bandwidth assingment, beaconing, scanning, etc + + * + + *WUSB*: the layer that sits on top of UWB to provide Wireless USB. + The Wireless USB spec defines means to control a UWB radio and to + do the actual WUSB. + + + HWA: Host Wire adapters, your Wireless USB dongle + +WUSB also defines a device called a Host Wire Adaptor (HWA), which in +mere terms is a USB dongle that enables your PC to have UWB and Wireless +USB. The Wireless USB Host Controller in a HWA looks to the host like a +[Wireless] USB controller connected via USB (!) + +The HWA itself is broken in two or three main interfaces: + + * + + *RC*: Radio control -- this implements an interface to the + Ultra-Wide-Band radio controller. The driver for this implements a + USB-based UWB Radio Controller to the UWB stack. + + * + + *HC*: the wireless USB host controller. It looks like a USB host + whose root port is the radio and the WUSB devices connect to it. + To the system it looks like a separate USB host. The driver (will) + implement a USB host controller (similar to UHCI, OHCI or EHCI) + for which the root hub is the radio...To reiterate: it is a USB + controller that is connected via USB instead of PCI. + + * + + *WINET*: some HW provide a WiNET interface (IP over UWB). This + package provides a driver for it (it looks like a network + interface, winetX). The driver detects when there is a link up for + their type and kick into gear. + + + DWA: Device Wired Adaptor, a Wireless USB hub for wired devices + +These are the complement to HWAs. They are a USB host for connecting +wired devices, but it is connected to your PC connected via Wireless +USB. To the system it looks like yet another USB host. To the untrained +eye, it looks like a hub that connects upstream wirelessly. + +We still offer no support for this; however, it should share a lot of +code with the HWA-RC driver; there is a bunch of factorization work that +has been done to support that in upcoming releases. + + + WHCI: Wireless Host Controller Interface, the PCI WUSB host adapter + +This is your usual PCI device that implements WHCI. Similar in concept +to EHCI, it allows your wireless USB devices (including DWAs) to connect +to your host via a PCI interface. As in the case of the HWA, it has a +Radio Control interface and the WUSB Host Controller interface per se. + +There is still no driver support for this, but will be in upcoming +releases. + + + The UWB stack + +The main mission of the UWB stack is to keep a tally of which devices +are in radio proximity to allow drivers to connect to them. As well, it +provides an API for controlling the local radio controllers (RCs from +now on), such as to start/stop beaconing, scan, allocate bandwidth, etc. + + + Devices and hosts: the basic structure + +The main building block here is the UWB device (struct uwb_dev). For +each device that pops up in radio presence (ie: the UWB host receives a +beacon from it) you get a struct uwb_dev that will show up in +/sys/class/uwb and in /sys/bus/uwb/devices. + +For each RC that is detected, a new struct uwb_rc is created. In turn, a +RC is also a device, so they also show in /sys/class/uwb and +/sys/bus/uwb/devices, but at the same time, only radio controllers show +up in /sys/class/uwb_rc. + + * + + [*] The reason for RCs being also devices is that not only we can + see them while enumerating the system device tree, but also on the + radio (their beacons and stuff), so the handling has to be + likewise to that of a device. + +Each RC driver is implemented by a separate driver that plugs into the +interface that the UWB stack provides through a struct uwb_rc_ops. The +spec creators have been nice enough to make the message format the same +for HWA and WHCI RCs, so the driver is really a very thin transport that +moves the requests from the UWB API to the device [/uwb_rc_ops->cmd()/] +and sends the replies and notifications back to the API +[/uwb_rc_neh_grok()/]. Notifications are handled to the UWB daemon, that +is chartered, among other things, to keep the tab of how the UWB radio +neighborhood looks, creating and destroying devices as they show up or +dissapear. + +Command execution is very simple: a command block is sent and a event +block or reply is expected back. For sending/receiving command/events, a +handle called /neh/ (Notification/Event Handle) is opened with +/uwb_rc_neh_open()/. + +The HWA-RC (USB dongle) driver (drivers/uwb/hwa-rc.c) does this job for +the USB connected HWA. Eventually, drivers/whci-rc.c will do the same +for the PCI connected WHCI controller. + + + Host Controller life cycle + +So let's say we connect a dongle to the system: it is detected and +firmware uploaded if needed [for Intel's i1480 +/drivers/uwb/ptc/usb.c:ptc_usb_probe()/] and then it is reenumerated. +Now we have a real HWA device connected and +/drivers/uwb/hwa-rc.c:hwarc_probe()/ picks it up, that will set up the +Wire-Adaptor environment and then suck it into the UWB stack's vision of +the world [/drivers/uwb/lc-rc.c:uwb_rc_add()/]. + + * + + [*] The stack should put a new RC to scan for devices + [/uwb_rc_scan()/] so it finds what's available around and tries to + connect to them, but this is policy stuff and should be driven + from user space. As of now, the operator is expected to do it + manually; see the release notes for documentation on the procedure. + +When a dongle is disconnected, /drivers/uwb/hwa-rc.c:hwarc_disconnect()/ +takes time of tearing everything down safely (or not...). + + + On the air: beacons and enumerating the radio neighborhood + +So assuming we have devices and we have agreed for a channel to connect +on (let's say 9), we put the new RC to beacon: + + * + + $ echo 9 0 > /sys/class/uwb_rc/uwb0/beacon + +Now it is visible. If there were other devices in the same radio channel +and beacon group (that's what the zero is for), the dongle's radio +control interface will send beacon notifications on its +notification/event endpoint (NEEP). The beacon notifications are part of +the event stream that is funneled into the API with +/drivers/uwb/neh.c:uwb_rc_neh_grok()/ and delivered to the UWBD, the UWB +daemon through a notification list. + +UWBD wakes up and scans the event list; finds a beacon and adds it to +the BEACON CACHE (/uwb_beca/). If he receives a number of beacons from +the same device, he considers it to be 'onair' and creates a new device +[/drivers/uwb/lc-dev.c:uwbd_dev_onair()/]. Similarly, when no beacons +are received in some time, the device is considered gone and wiped out +[uwbd calls periodically /uwb/beacon.c:uwb_beca_purge()/ that will purge +the beacon cache of dead devices]. + + + Device lists + +All UWB devices are kept in the list of the struct bus_type uwb_bus. + + + Bandwidth allocation + +The UWB stack maintains a local copy of DRP availability through +processing of incoming *DRP Availability Change* notifications. This +local copy is currently used to present the current bandwidth +availability to the user through the sysfs file +/sys/class/uwb_rc/uwbx/bw_avail. In the future the bandwidth +availability information will be used by the bandwidth reservation +routines. + +The bandwidth reservation routines are in progress and are thus not +present in the current release. When completed they will enable a user +to initiate DRP reservation requests through interaction with sysfs. DRP +reservation requests from remote UWB devices will also be handled. The +bandwidth management done by the UWB stack will include callbacks to the +higher layers will enable the higher layers to use the reservations upon +completion. [Note: The bandwidth reservation work is in progress and +subject to change.] + + + Wireless USB Host Controller drivers + +*WARNING* This section needs a lot of work! + +As explained above, there are three different types of HCs in the WUSB +world: HWA-HC, DWA-HC and WHCI-HC. + +HWA-HC and DWA-HC share that they are Wire-Adapters (USB or WUSB +connected controllers), and their transfer management system is almost +identical. So is their notification delivery system. + +HWA-HC and WHCI-HC share that they are both WUSB host controllers, so +they have to deal with WUSB device life cycle and maintenance, wireless +root-hub + +HWA exposes a Host Controller interface (HWA-HC 0xe0/02/02). This has +three endpoints (Notifications, Data Transfer In and Data Transfer +Out--known as NEP, DTI and DTO in the code). + +We reserve UWB bandwidth for our Wireless USB Cluster, create a Cluster +ID and tell the HC to use all that. Then we start it. This means the HC +starts sending MMCs. + + * + + The MMCs are blocks of data defined somewhere in the WUSB1.0 spec + that define a stream in the UWB channel time allocated for sending + WUSB IEs (host to device commands/notifications) and Device + Notifications (device initiated to host). Each host defines a + unique Wireless USB cluster through MMCs. Devices can connect to a + single cluster at the time. The IEs are Information Elements, and + among them are the bandwidth allocations that tell each device + when can they transmit or receive. + +Now it all depends on external stimuli. + +*New device connection* + +A new device pops up, it scans the radio looking for MMCs that give out +the existence of Wireless USB channels. Once one (or more) are found, +selects which one to connect to. Sends a /DN_Connect/ (device +notification connect) during the DNTS (Device Notification Time +Slot--announced in the MMCs + +HC picks the /DN_Connect/ out (nep module sends to notif.c for delivery +into /devconnect/). This process starts the authentication process for +the device. First we allocate a /fake port/ and assign an +unauthenticated address (128 to 255--what we really do is +0x80 | fake_port_idx). We fiddle with the fake port status and /khubd/ +sees a new connection, so he moves on to enable the fake port with a reset. + +So now we are in the reset path -- we know we have a non-yet enumerated +device with an unauthorized address; we ask user space to authenticate +(FIXME: not yet done, similar to bluetooth pairing), then we do the key +exchange (FIXME: not yet done) and issue a /set address 0/ to bring the +device to the default state. Device is authenticated. + +From here, the USB stack takes control through the usb_hcd ops. khubd +has seen the port status changes, as we have been toggling them. It will +start enumerating and doing transfers through usb_hcd->urb_enqueue() to +read descriptors and move our data. + +*Device life cycle and keep alives* + +Everytime there is a succesful transfer to/from a device, we update a +per-device activity timestamp. If not, every now and then we check and +if the activity timestamp gets old, we ping the device by sending it a +Keep Alive IE; it responds with a /DN_Alive/ pong during the DNTS (this +arrives to us as a notification through +devconnect.c:wusb_handle_dn_alive(). If a device times out, we +disconnect it from the system (cleaning up internal information and +toggling the bits in the fake hub port, which kicks khubd into removing +the rest of the stuff). + +This is done through devconnect:__wusb_check_devs(), which will scan the +device list looking for whom needs refreshing. + +If the device wants to disconnect, it will either die (ugly) or send a +/DN_Disconnect/ that will prompt a disconnection from the system. + +*Sending and receiving data* + +Data is sent and received through /Remote Pipes/ (rpipes). An rpipe is +/aimed/ at an endpoint in a WUSB device. This is the same for HWAs and +DWAs. + +Each HC has a number of rpipes and buffers that can be assigned to them; +when doing a data transfer (xfer), first the rpipe has to be aimed and +prepared (buffers assigned), then we can start queueing requests for +data in or out. + +Data buffers have to be segmented out before sending--so we send first a +header (segment request) and then if there is any data, a data buffer +immediately after to the DTI interface (yep, even the request). If our +buffer is bigger than the max segment size, then we just do multiple +requests. + +[This sucks, because doing USB scatter gatter in Linux is resource +intensive, if any...not that the current approach is not. It just has to +be cleaned up a lot :)]. + +If reading, we don't send data buffers, just the segment headers saying +we want to read segments. + +When the xfer is executed, we receive a notification that says data is +ready in the DTI endpoint (handled through +xfer.c:wa_handle_notif_xfer()). In there we read from the DTI endpoint a +descriptor that gives us the status of the transfer, its identification +(given when we issued it) and the segment number. If it was a data read, +we issue another URB to read into the destination buffer the chunk of +data coming out of the remote endpoint. Done, wait for the next guy. The +callbacks for the URBs issued from here are the ones that will declare +the xfer complete at some point and call it's callback. + +Seems simple, but the implementation is not trivial. + + * + + *WARNING* Old!! + +The main xfer descriptor, wa_xfer (equivalent to a URB) contains an +array of segments, tallys on segments and buffers and callback +information. Buried in there is a lot of URBs for executing the segments +and buffer transfers. + +For OUT xfers, there is an array of segments, one URB for each, another +one of buffer URB. When submitting, we submit URBs for segment request +1, buffer 1, segment 2, buffer 2...etc. Then we wait on the DTI for xfer +result data; when all the segments are complete, we call the callback to +finalize the transfer. + +For IN xfers, we only issue URBs for the segments we want to read and +then wait for the xfer result data. + +*URB mapping into xfers* + +This is done by hwahc_op_urb_[en|de]queue(). In enqueue() we aim an +rpipe to the endpoint where we have to transmit, create a transfer +context (wa_xfer) and submit it. When the xfer is done, our callback is +called and we assign the status bits and release the xfer resources. + +In dequeue() we are basically cancelling/aborting the transfer. We issue +a xfer abort request to the HC, cancell all the URBs we had submitted +and not yet done and when all that is done, the xfer callback will be +called--this will call the URB callback. + + + Glossary + +*DWA* -- Device Wire Adapter + +USB host, wired for downstream devices, upstream connects wirelessly +with Wireless USB. + +*EVENT* -- Response to a command on the NEEP + +*HWA* -- Host Wire Adapter / USB dongle for UWB and Wireless USB + +*NEH* -- Notification/Event Handle + +Handle/file descriptor for receiving notifications or events. The WA +code requires you to get one of this to listen for notifications or +events on the NEEP. + +*NEEP* -- Notification/Event EndPoint + +Stuff related to the management of the first endpoint of a HWA USB +dongle that is used to deliver an stream of events and notifications to +the host. + +*NOTIFICATION* -- Message coming in the NEEP as response to something. + +*RC* -- Radio Control + +Design-overview.txt-1.8 (last edited 2006-11-04 12:22:24 by +InakyPerezGonzalez) + diff --git a/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt b/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt index 815f5c2301ff..9b22bd14c348 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/gadget_serial.txt @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ Linux Gadget Serial Driver v2.0 11/20/2004 + (updated 8-May-2008 for v2.3) License and Disclaimer @@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ Prerequisites ------------- Versions of the gadget serial driver are available for the 2.4 Linux kernels, but this document assumes you are using -version 2.0 or later of the gadget serial driver in a 2.6 +version 2.3 or later of the gadget serial driver in a 2.6 Linux kernel. This document assumes that you are familiar with Linux and @@ -40,6 +41,12 @@ standard utilities, use minicom and HyperTerminal, and work with USB and serial devices. It also assumes you configure the Linux gadget and usb drivers as modules. +With version 2.3 of the driver, major and minor device nodes are +no longer statically defined. Your Linux based system should mount +sysfs in /sys, and use "mdev" (in Busybox) or "udev" to make the +/dev nodes matching the sysfs /sys/class/tty files. + + Overview -------- @@ -104,15 +111,8 @@ driver. All this are listed under "USB Gadget Support" when configuring the kernel. Then rebuild and install the kernel or modules. -The gadget serial driver uses major number 127, for now. So you -will need to create a device node for it, like this: - - mknod /dev/ttygserial c 127 0 - -You only need to do this once. - Then you must load the gadget serial driver. To load it as an -ACM device, do this: +ACM device (recommended for interoperability), do this: modprobe g_serial use_acm=1 @@ -125,6 +125,23 @@ controller driver. This must be done each time you reboot the gadget side Linux system. You can add this to the start up scripts, if desired. +Your system should use mdev (from busybox) or udev to make the +device nodes. After this gadget driver has been set up you should +then see a /dev/ttyGS0 node: + + # ls -l /dev/ttyGS0 | cat + crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 0 May 8 14:10 /dev/ttyGS0 + # + +Note that the major number (253, above) is system-specific. If +you need to create /dev nodes by hand, the right numbers to use +will be in the /sys/class/tty/ttyGS0/dev file. + +When you link this gadget driver early, perhaps even statically, +you may want to set up an /etc/inittab entry to run "getty" on it. +The /dev/ttyGS0 line should work like most any other serial port. + + If gadget serial is loaded as an ACM device you will want to use either the Windows or Linux ACM driver on the host side. If gadget serial is loaded as a bulk in/out device, you will want to use the diff --git a/Documentation/usb/uhci.txt b/Documentation/usb/uhci.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2f25952c86c6..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/usb/uhci.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,165 +0,0 @@ -Specification and Internals for the New UHCI Driver (Whitepaper...) - - brought to you by - - Georg Acher, acher@in.tum.de (executive slave) (base guitar) - Deti Fliegl, deti@fliegl.de (executive slave) (lead voice) - Thomas Sailer, sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch (chief consultant) (cheer leader) - - $Id: README.uhci,v 1.1 1999/12/14 14:03:02 fliegl Exp $ - -This document and the new uhci sources can be found on - http://hotswap.in.tum.de/usb - -1. General issues - -1.1 Why a new UHCI driver, we already have one?!? - -Correct, but its internal structure got more and more mixed up by the (still -ongoing) efforts to get isochronous transfers (ISO) to work. -Since there is an increasing need for reliable ISO-transfers (especially -for USB-audio needed by TS and for a DAB-USB-Receiver build by GA and DF), -this state was a bit unsatisfying in our opinion, so we've decided (based -on knowledge and experiences with the old UHCI driver) to start -from scratch with a new approach, much simpler but at the same time more -powerful. -It is inspired by the way Win98/Win2000 handles USB requests via URBs, -but it's definitely 100% free of MS-code and doesn't crash while -unplugging an used ISO-device like Win98 ;-) -Some code for HW setup and root hub management was taken from the -original UHCI driver, but heavily modified to fit into the new code. -The invention of the basic concept, and major coding were completed in two -days (and nights) on the 16th and 17th of October 1999, now known as the -great USB-October-Revolution started by GA, DF, and TS ;-) - -Since the concept is in no way UHCI dependent, we hope that it will also be -transferred to the OHCI-driver, so both drivers share a common API. - -1.2. Advantages and disadvantages - -+ All USB transfer types work now! -+ Asynchronous operation -+ Simple, but powerful interface (only two calls for start and cancel) -+ Easy migration to the new API, simplified by a compatibility API -+ Simple usage of ISO transfers -+ Automatic linking of requests -+ ISO transfers allow variable length for each frame and striping -+ No CPU dependent and non-portable atomic memory access, no asm()-inlines -+ Tested on x86 and Alpha - -- Rewriting for ISO transfers needed - -1.3. Is there some compatibility to the old API? - -Yes, but only for control, bulk and interrupt transfers. We've implemented -some wrapper calls for these transfer types. The usbcore works fine with -these wrappers. For ISO there's no compatibility, because the old ISO-API -and its semantics were unnecessary complicated in our opinion. - -1.4. What's really working? - -As said above, CTRL and BULK already work fine even with the wrappers, -so legacy code wouldn't notice the change. -Regarding to Thomas, ISO transfers now run stable with USB audio. -INT transfers (e.g. mouse driver) work fine, too. - -1.5. Are there any bugs? - -No ;-) -Hm... -Well, of course this implementation needs extensive testing on all available -hardware, but we believe that any fixes shouldn't harm the overall concept. - -1.6. What should be done next? - -A large part of the request handling seems to be identical for UHCI and -OHCI, so it would be a good idea to extract the common parts and have only -the HW specific stuff in uhci.c. Furthermore, all other USB device drivers -should need URBification, if they use isochronous or interrupt transfers. -One thing missing in the current implementation (and the old UHCI driver) -is fair queueing for BULK transfers. Since this would need (in principle) -the alteration of already constructed TD chains (to switch from depth to -breadth execution), another way has to be found. Maybe some simple -heuristics work with the same effect. - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -2. Internal structure and mechanisms - -To get quickly familiar with the internal structures, here's a short -description how the new UHCI driver works. However, the ultimate source of -truth is only uhci.c! - -2.1. Descriptor structure (QHs and TDs) - -During initialization, the following skeleton is allocated in init_skel: - - framespecific | common chain - -framelist[] -[ 0 ]-----> TD --> TD -------\ -[ 1 ]-----> TD --> TD --------> TD ----> QH -------> QH -------> QH ---> NULL - ... TD --> TD -------/ -[1023]-----> TD --> TD ------/ - - ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ - 1024 TDs for 7 TDs for 1 TD for Start of Start of End Chain - ISO INT (2-128ms) 1ms-INT CTRL Chain BULK Chain - -For each CTRL or BULK transfer a new QH is allocated and the containing data -transfers are appended as (vertical) TDs. After building the whole QH with its -dangling TDs, the QH is inserted before the BULK Chain QH (for CTRL) or -before the End Chain QH (for BULK). Since only the QH->next pointers are -affected, no atomic memory operation is required. The three QHs in the -common chain are never equipped with TDs! - -For ISO or INT, the TD for each frame is simply inserted into the appropriate -ISO/INT-TD-chain for the desired frame. The 7 skeleton INT-TDs are scattered -among the 1024 frames similar to the old UHCI driver. - -For CTRL/BULK/ISO, the last TD in the transfer has the IOC-bit set. For INT, -every TD (there is only one...) has the IOC-bit set. - -Besides the data for the UHCI controller (2 or 4 32bit words), the descriptors -are double-linked through the .vertical and .horizontal elements in the -SW data of the descriptor (using the double-linked list structures and -operations), but SW-linking occurs only in closed domains, i.e. for each of -the 1024 ISO-chains and the 8 INT-chains there is a closed cycle. This -simplifies all insertions and unlinking operations and avoids costly -bus_to_virt()-calls. - -2.2. URB structure and linking to QH/TDs - -During assembly of the QH and TDs of the requested action, these descriptors -are stored in urb->urb_list, so the allocated QH/TD descriptors are bound to -this URB. -If the assembly was successful and the descriptors were added to the HW chain, -the corresponding URB is inserted into a global URB list for this controller. -This list stores all pending URBs. - -2.3. Interrupt processing - -Since UHCI provides no means to directly detect completed transactions, the -following is done in each UHCI interrupt (uhci_interrupt()): - -For each URB in the pending queue (process_urb()), the ACTIVE-flag of the -associated TDs are processed (depending on the transfer type -process_{transfer|interrupt|iso}()). If the TDs are not active anymore, -they indicate the completion of the transaction and the status is calculated. -Inactive QH/TDs are removed from the HW chain (since the host controller -already removed the TDs from the QH, no atomic access is needed) and -eventually the URB is marked as completed (OK or errors) and removed from the -pending queue. Then the next linked URB is submitted. After (or immediately -before) that, the completion handler is called. - -2.4. Unlinking URBs - -First, all QH/TDs stored in the URB are unlinked from the HW chain. -To ensure that the host controller really left a vertical TD chain, we -wait for one frame. After that, the TDs are physically destroyed. - -2.5. URB linking and the consequences - -Since URBs can be linked and the corresponding submit_urb is called in -the UHCI-interrupt, all work associated with URB/QH/TD assembly has to be -interrupt save. This forces kmalloc to use GFP_ATOMIC in the interrupt. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/wusb-cbaf b/Documentation/usb/wusb-cbaf new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a385478ba12e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/usb/wusb-cbaf @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +#! /bin/bash +# + +set -e + +progname=$(basename $0) +function help +{ + cat <<EOF +Usage: $progname COMMAND DEVICEs [ARGS] + +Command for manipulating the pairing/authentication credentials of a +Wireless USB device that supports wired-mode Cable-Based-Association. + +Works in conjunction with the wusb-cba.ko driver from http://linuxuwb.org. + + +DEVICE + + sysfs path to the device to authenticate; for example, both this + guys are the same: + + /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-4/1-4.4/1-4.4:1.1 + /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb-cbaf/1-4.4:1.1 + +COMMAND/ARGS are + + start + + Start a WUSB host controller (by setting up a CHID) + + set-chid DEVICE HOST-CHID HOST-BANDGROUP HOST-NAME + + Sets host information in the device; after this you can call the + get-cdid to see how does this device report itself to us. + + get-cdid DEVICE + + Get the device ID associated to the HOST-CHDI we sent with + 'set-chid'. We might not know about it. + + set-cc DEVICE + + If we allow the device to connect, set a random new CDID and CK + (connection key). Device saves them for the next time it wants to + connect wireless. We save them for that next time also so we can + authenticate the device (when we see the CDID he uses to id + itself) and the CK to crypto talk to it. + +CHID is always 16 hex bytes in 'XX YY ZZ...' form +BANDGROUP is almost always 0001 + +Examples: + + You can default most arguments to '' to get a sane value: + + $ $progname set-chid '' '' '' "My host name" + + A full sequence: + + $ $progname set-chid '' '' '' "My host name" + $ $progname get-cdid '' + $ $progname set-cc '' + +EOF +} + + +# Defaults +# FIXME: CHID should come from a database :), band group from the host +host_CHID="00 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 aa bb cc dd ee ff" +host_band_group="0001" +host_name="Linux-WUSB" + +devs="$(echo /sys/bus/usb/drivers/wusb-cbaf/[0-9]*)" +hdevs="$(find /sys -name wusb_chid -printf "%h\n")" + +result=0 +case $1 in + start) + for dev in ${2:-$hdevs} + do + uwb_rc=$(find $(dirname $(dirname $dev)) -iname uwb_rc:uwb*) + if cat $uwb_rc/uwb_rc/beacon | grep -q "channel: -1" + then + echo 13 0 | cat > $uwb_rc/uwb_rc/beacon + echo I: started beaconing on ch 13 in host $(basename $uwb_rc) + fi + echo $host_CHID | cat > $dev/wusb_chid + echo I: started host $(basename $dev) + done + ;; + set-chid) + shift + for dev in ${2:-$devs} + do + echo "${2:-$host_CHID}" "${3:-$host_band_group}" "${4:-$host_name}" \ + | cat > $dev/wusb_host_info + done + ;; + get-cdid) + for dev in ${2:-$devs} + do + cat $dev/wusb_cdid + done + ;; + set-cc) + for dev in ${2:-$devs} + do + shift + CDID="$(head --bytes=16 /dev/urandom | od -tx1 -An)" + CK="$(head --bytes=16 /dev/urandom | od -tx1 -An)" + cat > $dev/wusb_cc <<EOF +CDID:$CDID +CK:$CK +EOF + cat <<EOF +I: CC set +CHID: $host_CHID +CDID:$CDID +CK: $CK +EOF + done + ;; + help|h|--help|-h) + help + ;; + *) + echo "E: Unknown usage" 1>&2 + help 1>&2 + result=1 +esac +exit $result diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 index aaae360312e4..86d1c8e7b18f 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.au0828 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ 0 -> Unknown board (au0828) - 1 -> Hauppauge HVR950Q (au0828) [2040:7200] + 1 -> Hauppauge HVR950Q (au0828) [2040:7200,2040:7210,2040:7217,2040:721b,2040:721f,2040:7280,0fd9:0008] 2 -> Hauppauge HVR850 (au0828) [2040:7240] 3 -> DViCO FusionHDTV USB (au0828) [0fe9:d620] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 index 191194ea1e25..f0e613ba55b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.cx23885 @@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ 7 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1200 [0070:71d1,0070:71d3] 8 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1700 [0070:8101] 9 -> Hauppauge WinTV-HVR1400 [0070:8010] + 10 -> DViCO FusionHDTV7 Dual Express [18ac:d618] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx index 1d6a245c828f..c7e23942c1dc 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.em28xx @@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ 7 -> Leadtek Winfast USB II (em2800) 8 -> Kworld USB2800 (em2800) 9 -> Pinnacle Dazzle DVC 90/DVC 100 (em2820/em2840) [2304:0207,2304:021a] - 10 -> Hauppauge WinTV HVR 900 (em2880) [2040:6500,2040:6502] + 10 -> Hauppauge WinTV HVR 900 (em2880) [2040:6500] 11 -> Terratec Hybrid XS (em2880) [0ccd:0042] 12 -> Kworld PVR TV 2800 RF (em2820/em2840) 13 -> Terratec Prodigy XS (em2880) [0ccd:0047] 14 -> Pixelview Prolink PlayTV USB 2.0 (em2820/em2840) 15 -> V-Gear PocketTV (em2800) 16 -> Hauppauge WinTV HVR 950 (em2880) [2040:6513,2040:6517,2040:651b,2040:651f] + 17 -> Pinnacle PCTV HD Pro Stick (em2880) [2304:0227] + 18 -> Hauppauge WinTV HVR 900 (R2) (em2880) [2040:6502] diff --git a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 index 67937df1e974..4c8a86f24dbe 100644 --- a/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 +++ b/Documentation/video4linux/CARDLIST.saa7134 @@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ 127 -> Beholder BeholdTV 507 FM/RDS / BeholdTV 509 FM [0000:5071,0000:507B,5ace:5070,5ace:5090] 128 -> Beholder BeholdTV Columbus TVFM [0000:5201] 129 -> Beholder BeholdTV 607 / BeholdTV 609 [5ace:6070,5ace:6071,5ace:6072,5ace:6073,5ace:6090,5ace:6091,5ace:6092,5ace:6093] -130 -> Beholder BeholdTV M6 / BeholdTV M6 Extra [5ace:6190,5ace:6193,5ace:6191] +130 -> Beholder BeholdTV M6 [5ace:6190] 131 -> Twinhan Hybrid DTV-DVB 3056 PCI [1822:0022] 132 -> Genius TVGO AM11MCE 133 -> NXP Snake DVB-S reference design @@ -141,3 +141,5 @@ 140 -> Avermedia DVB-S Pro A700 [1461:a7a1] 141 -> Avermedia DVB-S Hybrid+FM A700 [1461:a7a2] 142 -> Beholder BeholdTV H6 [5ace:6290] +143 -> Beholder BeholdTV M63 [5ace:6191] +144 -> Beholder BeholdTV M6 Extra [5ace:6193] diff --git a/Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt b/Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt index 30b4c714fbe1..30b4c714fbe1 100644 --- a/Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt diff --git a/Documentation/i386/boot.txt b/Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt index 95ad15c3b01f..147bfe511cdd 100644 --- a/Documentation/i386/boot.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt @@ -1,17 +1,14 @@ - THE LINUX/I386 BOOT PROTOCOL - ---------------------------- + THE LINUX/x86 BOOT PROTOCOL + --------------------------- - H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> - Last update 2007-05-23 - -On the i386 platform, the Linux kernel uses a rather complicated boot +On the x86 platform, the Linux kernel uses a rather complicated boot convention. This has evolved partially due to historical aspects, as well as the desire in the early days to have the kernel itself be a bootable image, the complicated PC memory model and due to changed expectations in the PC industry caused by the effective demise of real-mode DOS as a mainstream operating system. -Currently, the following versions of the Linux/i386 boot protocol exist. +Currently, the following versions of the Linux/x86 boot protocol exist. Old kernels: zImage/Image support only. Some very early kernels may not even support a command line. @@ -372,10 +369,17 @@ Protocol: 2.00+ - If 0, the protected-mode code is loaded at 0x10000. - If 1, the protected-mode code is loaded at 0x100000. + Bit 5 (write): QUIET_FLAG + - If 0, print early messages. + - If 1, suppress early messages. + This requests to the kernel (decompressor and early + kernel) to not write early messages that require + accessing the display hardware directly. + Bit 6 (write): KEEP_SEGMENTS Protocol: 2.07+ - - if 0, reload the segment registers in the 32bit entry point. - - if 1, do not reload the segment registers in the 32bit entry point. + - If 0, reload the segment registers in the 32bit entry point. + - If 1, do not reload the segment registers in the 32bit entry point. Assume that %cs %ds %ss %es are all set to flat segments with a base of 0 (or the equivalent for their environment). @@ -504,7 +508,7 @@ Protocol: 2.06+ maximum size was 255. Field name: hardware_subarch -Type: write +Type: write (optional, defaults to x86/PC) Offset/size: 0x23c/4 Protocol: 2.07+ @@ -520,11 +524,13 @@ Protocol: 2.07+ 0x00000002 Xen Field name: hardware_subarch_data -Type: write +Type: write (subarch-dependent) Offset/size: 0x240/8 Protocol: 2.07+ A pointer to data that is specific to hardware subarch + This field is currently unused for the default x86/PC environment, + do not modify. Field name: payload_offset Type: read @@ -545,6 +551,34 @@ Protocol: 2.08+ The length of the payload. +Field name: setup_data +Type: write (special) +Offset/size: 0x250/8 +Protocol: 2.09+ + + The 64-bit physical pointer to NULL terminated single linked list of + struct setup_data. This is used to define a more extensible boot + parameters passing mechanism. The definition of struct setup_data is + as follow: + + struct setup_data { + u64 next; + u32 type; + u32 len; + u8 data[0]; + }; + + Where, the next is a 64-bit physical pointer to the next node of + linked list, the next field of the last node is 0; the type is used + to identify the contents of data; the len is the length of data + field; the data holds the real payload. + + This list may be modified at a number of points during the bootup + process. Therefore, when modifying this list one should always make + sure to consider the case where the linked list already contains + entries. + + **** THE IMAGE CHECKSUM From boot protocol version 2.08 onwards the CRC-32 is calculated over @@ -553,6 +587,7 @@ initial remainder of 0xffffffff. The checksum is appended to the file; therefore the CRC of the file up to the limit specified in the syssize field of the header is always 0. + **** THE KERNEL COMMAND LINE The kernel command line has become an important way for the boot @@ -584,28 +619,6 @@ command line is entered using the following protocol: covered by setup_move_size, so you may need to adjust this field. -Field name: setup_data -Type: write (obligatory) -Offset/size: 0x250/8 -Protocol: 2.09+ - - The 64-bit physical pointer to NULL terminated single linked list of - struct setup_data. This is used to define a more extensible boot - parameters passing mechanism. The definition of struct setup_data is - as follow: - - struct setup_data { - u64 next; - u32 type; - u32 len; - u8 data[0]; - }; - - Where, the next is a 64-bit physical pointer to the next node of - linked list, the next field of the last node is 0; the type is used - to identify the contents of data; the len is the length of data - field; the data holds the real payload. - **** MEMORY LAYOUT OF THE REAL-MODE CODE diff --git a/Documentation/i386/usb-legacy-support.txt b/Documentation/x86/i386/usb-legacy-support.txt index 1894cdfc69d9..1894cdfc69d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/i386/usb-legacy-support.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/i386/usb-legacy-support.txt diff --git a/Documentation/i386/zero-page.txt b/Documentation/x86/i386/zero-page.txt index 169ad423a3d1..169ad423a3d1 100644 --- a/Documentation/i386/zero-page.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/i386/zero-page.txt diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/00-INDEX b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/00-INDEX index 92fc20ab5f0e..92fc20ab5f0e 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/00-INDEX diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt index b0c7b6c4abda..b0c7b6c4abda 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec index 3c23e0587db3..3c23e0587db3 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets index d1a985c5b00a..d1a985c5b00a 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/fake-numa-for-cpusets diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/kernel-stacks b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/kernel-stacks index 5ad65d51fb95..5ad65d51fb95 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/kernel-stacks +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/kernel-stacks diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck index a05e58e7b159..a05e58e7b159 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt index b89b6d2bebfa..efce75097369 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/mm.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt @@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ ffffc10000000000 - ffffc1ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole ffffc20000000000 - ffffe1ffffffffff (=45 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space ffffe20000000000 - ffffe2ffffffffff (=40 bits) virtual memory map (1TB) ... unused hole ... -ffffffff80000000 - ffffffff82800000 (=40 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0 -... unused hole ... -ffffffff88000000 - fffffffffff00000 (=1919 MB) module mapping space +ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000 (=512 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0 +ffffffffa0000000 - fffffffffff00000 (=1536 MB) module mapping space The direct mapping covers all memory in the system up to the highest memory address (this means in some cases it can also include PCI memory diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/uefi.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/uefi.txt index 7d77120a5184..7d77120a5184 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/uefi.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/uefi.txt |