summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/block/genhd.c
blob: b281f3a2d26a3e04a5fff132a5d1a7e4bdb0607d (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
/*
 *  gendisk handling
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/genhd.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/kobj_map.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>

#include "blk.h"

static DEFINE_MUTEX(block_class_lock);
struct kobject *block_depr;

/* for extended dynamic devt allocation, currently only one major is used */
#define MAX_EXT_DEVT		(1 << MINORBITS)

/* For extended devt allocation.  ext_devt_mutex prevents look up
 * results from going away underneath its user.
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(ext_devt_mutex);
static DEFINE_IDR(ext_devt_idr);

static struct device_type disk_type;

static void disk_alloc_events(struct gendisk *disk);
static void disk_add_events(struct gendisk *disk);
static void disk_del_events(struct gendisk *disk);
static void disk_release_events(struct gendisk *disk);

/**
 * disk_get_part - get partition
 * @disk: disk to look partition from
 * @partno: partition number
 *
 * Look for partition @partno from @disk.  If found, increment
 * reference count and return it.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Pointer to the found partition on success, NULL if not found.
 */
struct hd_struct *disk_get_part(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
{
	struct hd_struct *part = NULL;
	struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;

	if (unlikely(partno < 0))
		return NULL;

	rcu_read_lock();

	ptbl = rcu_dereference(disk->part_tbl);
	if (likely(partno < ptbl->len)) {
		part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->part[partno]);
		if (part)
			get_device(part_to_dev(part));
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	return part;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_get_part);

/**
 * disk_part_iter_init - initialize partition iterator
 * @piter: iterator to initialize
 * @disk: disk to iterate over
 * @flags: DISK_PITER_* flags
 *
 * Initialize @piter so that it iterates over partitions of @disk.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.
 */
void disk_part_iter_init(struct disk_part_iter *piter, struct gendisk *disk,
			  unsigned int flags)
{
	struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;

	rcu_read_lock();
	ptbl = rcu_dereference(disk->part_tbl);

	piter->disk = disk;
	piter->part = NULL;

	if (flags & DISK_PITER_REVERSE)
		piter->idx = ptbl->len - 1;
	else if (flags & (DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0 | DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0))
		piter->idx = 0;
	else
		piter->idx = 1;

	piter->flags = flags;

	rcu_read_unlock();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_part_iter_init);

/**
 * disk_part_iter_next - proceed iterator to the next partition and return it
 * @piter: iterator of interest
 *
 * Proceed @piter to the next partition and return it.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.
 */
struct hd_struct *disk_part_iter_next(struct disk_part_iter *piter)
{
	struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;
	int inc, end;

	/* put the last partition */
	disk_put_part(piter->part);
	piter->part = NULL;

	/* get part_tbl */
	rcu_read_lock();
	ptbl = rcu_dereference(piter->disk->part_tbl);

	/* determine iteration parameters */
	if (piter->flags & DISK_PITER_REVERSE) {
		inc = -1;
		if (piter->flags & (DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0 |
				    DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0))
			end = -1;
		else
			end = 0;
	} else {
		inc = 1;
		end = ptbl->len;
	}

	/* iterate to the next partition */
	for (; piter->idx != end; piter->idx += inc) {
		struct hd_struct *part;

		part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->part[piter->idx]);
		if (!part)
			continue;
		if (!part_nr_sects_read(part) &&
		    !(piter->flags & DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY) &&
		    !(piter->flags & DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0 &&
		      piter->idx == 0))
			continue;

		get_device(part_to_dev(part));
		piter->part = part;
		piter->idx += inc;
		break;
	}

	rcu_read_unlock();

	return piter->part;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_part_iter_next);

/**
 * disk_part_iter_exit - finish up partition iteration
 * @piter: iter of interest
 *
 * Called when iteration is over.  Cleans up @piter.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.
 */
void disk_part_iter_exit(struct disk_part_iter *piter)
{
	disk_put_part(piter->part);
	piter->part = NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_part_iter_exit);

static inline int sector_in_part(struct hd_struct *part, sector_t sector)
{
	return part->start_sect <= sector &&
		sector < part->start_sect + part_nr_sects_read(part);
}

/**
 * disk_map_sector_rcu - map sector to partition
 * @disk: gendisk of interest
 * @sector: sector to map
 *
 * Find out which partition @sector maps to on @disk.  This is
 * primarily used for stats accounting.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * RCU read locked.  The returned partition pointer is valid only
 * while preemption is disabled.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Found partition on success, part0 is returned if no partition matches
 */
struct hd_struct *disk_map_sector_rcu(struct gendisk *disk, sector_t sector)
{
	struct disk_part_tbl *ptbl;
	struct hd_struct *part;
	int i;

	ptbl = rcu_dereference(disk->part_tbl);

	part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->last_lookup);
	if (part && sector_in_part(part, sector))
		return part;

	for (i = 1; i < ptbl->len; i++) {
		part = rcu_dereference(ptbl->part[i]);

		if (part && sector_in_part(part, sector)) {
			rcu_assign_pointer(ptbl->last_lookup, part);
			return part;
		}
	}
	return &disk->part0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(disk_map_sector_rcu);

/*
 * Can be deleted altogether. Later.
 *
 */
static struct blk_major_name {
	struct blk_major_name *next;
	int major;
	char name[16];
} *major_names[BLKDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE];

/* index in the above - for now: assume no multimajor ranges */
static inline int major_to_index(unsigned major)
{
	return major % BLKDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
void blkdev_show(struct seq_file *seqf, off_t offset)
{
	struct blk_major_name *dp;

	if (offset < BLKDEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) {
		mutex_lock(&block_class_lock);
		for (dp = major_names[offset]; dp; dp = dp->next)
			seq_printf(seqf, "%3d %s\n", dp->major, dp->name);
		mutex_unlock(&block_class_lock);
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

/**
 * register_blkdev - register a new block device
 *
 * @major: the requested major device number [1..255]. If @major=0, try to
 *         allocate any unused major number.
 * @name: the name of the new block device as a zero terminated string
 *
 * The @name must be unique within the system.
 *
 * The return value depends on the @major input parameter.
 *  - if a major device number was requested in range [1..255] then the
 *    function returns zero on success, or a negative error code
 *  - if any unused major number was requested with @major=0 parameter
 *    then the return value is the allocated major number in range
 *    [1..255] or a negative error code otherwise
 */
int register_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
{
	struct blk_major_name **n, *p;
	int index, ret = 0;

	mutex_lock(&block_class_lock);

	/* temporary */
	if (major == 0) {
		for (index = ARRAY_SIZE(major_names)-1; index > 0; index--) {
			if (major_names[index] == NULL)
				break;
		}

		if (index == 0) {
			printk("register_blkdev: failed to get major for %s\n",
			       name);
			ret = -EBUSY;
			goto out;
		}
		major = index;
		ret = major;
	}

	p = kmalloc(sizeof(struct blk_major_name), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (p == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	p->major = major;
	strlcpy(p->name, name, sizeof(p->name));
	p->next = NULL;
	index = major_to_index(major);

	for (n = &major_names[index]; *n; n = &(*n)->next) {
		if ((*n)->major == major)
			break;
	}
	if (!*n)
		*n = p;
	else
		ret = -EBUSY;

	if (ret < 0) {
		printk("register_blkdev: cannot get major %d for %s\n",
		       major, name);
		kfree(p);
	}
out:
	mutex_unlock(&block_class_lock);
	return ret;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_blkdev);

void unregister_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)
{
	struct blk_major_name **n;
	struct blk_major_name *p = NULL;
	int index = major_to_index(major);

	mutex_lock(&block_class_lock);
	for (n = &major_names[index]; *n; n = &(*n)->next)
		if ((*n)->major == major)
			break;
	if (!*n || strcmp((*n)->name, name)) {
		WARN_ON(1);
	} else {
		p = *n;
		*n = p->next;
	}
	mutex_unlock(&block_class_lock);
	kfree(p);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_blkdev);

static struct kobj_map *bdev_map;

/**
 * blk_mangle_minor - scatter minor numbers apart
 * @minor: minor number to mangle
 *
 * Scatter consecutively allocated @minor number apart if MANGLE_DEVT
 * is enabled.  Mangling twice gives the original value.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Mangled value.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.
 */
static int blk_mangle_minor(int minor)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BLOCK_EXT_DEVT
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < MINORBITS / 2; i++) {
		int low = minor & (1 << i);
		int high = minor & (1 << (MINORBITS - 1 - i));
		int distance = MINORBITS - 1 - 2 * i;

		minor ^= low | high;	/* clear both bits */
		low <<= distance;	/* swap the positions */
		high >>= distance;
		minor |= low | high;	/* and set */
	}
#endif
	return minor;
}

/**
 * blk_alloc_devt - allocate a dev_t for a partition
 * @part: partition to allocate dev_t for
 * @devt: out parameter for resulting dev_t
 *
 * Allocate a dev_t for block device.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, allocated dev_t is returned in *@devt.  -errno on
 * failure.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Might sleep.
 */
int blk_alloc_devt(struct hd_struct *part, dev_t *devt)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = part_to_disk(part);
	int idx, rc;

	/* in consecutive minor range? */
	if (part->partno < disk->minors) {
		*devt = MKDEV(disk->major, disk->first_minor + part->partno);
		return 0;
	}

	/* allocate ext devt */
	do {
		if (!idr_pre_get(&ext_devt_idr, GFP_KERNEL))
			return -ENOMEM;
		rc = idr_get_new(&ext_devt_idr, part, &idx);
	} while (rc == -EAGAIN);

	if (rc)
		return rc;

	if (idx > MAX_EXT_DEVT) {
		idr_remove(&ext_devt_idr, idx);
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	*devt = MKDEV(BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR, blk_mangle_minor(idx));
	return 0;
}

/**
 * blk_free_devt - free a dev_t
 * @devt: dev_t to free
 *
 * Free @devt which was allocated using blk_alloc_devt().
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Might sleep.
 */
void blk_free_devt(dev_t devt)
{
	might_sleep();

	if (devt == MKDEV(0, 0))
		return;

	if (MAJOR(devt) == BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR) {
		mutex_lock(&ext_devt_mutex);
		idr_remove(&ext_devt_idr, blk_mangle_minor(MINOR(devt)));
		mutex_unlock(&ext_devt_mutex);
	}
}

static char *bdevt_str(dev_t devt, char *buf)
{
	if (MAJOR(devt) <= 0xff && MINOR(devt) <= 0xff) {
		char tbuf[BDEVT_SIZE];
		snprintf(tbuf, BDEVT_SIZE, "%02x%02x", MAJOR(devt), MINOR(devt));
		snprintf(buf, BDEVT_SIZE, "%-9s", tbuf);
	} else
		snprintf(buf, BDEVT_SIZE, "%03x:%05x", MAJOR(devt), MINOR(devt));

	return buf;
}

/*
 * Register device numbers dev..(dev+range-1)
 * range must be nonzero
 * The hash chain is sorted on range, so that subranges can override.
 */
void blk_register_region(dev_t devt, unsigned long range, struct module *module,
			 struct kobject *(*probe)(dev_t, int *, void *),
			 int (*lock)(dev_t, void *), void *data)
{
	kobj_map(bdev_map, devt, range, module, probe, lock, data);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_register_region);

void blk_unregister_region(dev_t devt, unsigned long range)
{
	kobj_unmap(bdev_map, devt, range);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_unregister_region);

static struct kobject *exact_match(dev_t devt, int *partno, void *data)
{
	struct gendisk *p = data;

	return &disk_to_dev(p)->kobj;
}

static int exact_lock(dev_t devt, void *data)
{
	struct gendisk *p = data;

	if (!get_disk(p))
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

static void register_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct device *ddev = disk_to_dev(disk);
	struct block_device *bdev;
	struct disk_part_iter piter;
	struct hd_struct *part;
	int err;

	ddev->parent = disk->driverfs_dev;

	dev_set_name(ddev, disk->disk_name);

	/* delay uevents, until we scanned partition table */
	dev_set_uevent_suppress(ddev, 1);

	if (device_add(ddev))
		return;
	if (!sysfs_deprecated) {
		err = sysfs_create_link(block_depr, &ddev->kobj,
					kobject_name(&ddev->kobj));
		if (err) {
			device_del(ddev);
			return;
		}
	}
	disk->part0.holder_dir = kobject_create_and_add("holders", &ddev->kobj);
	disk->slave_dir = kobject_create_and_add("slaves", &ddev->kobj);

	/* No minors to use for partitions */
	if (!disk_part_scan_enabled(disk))
		goto exit;

	/* No such device (e.g., media were just removed) */
	if (!get_capacity(disk))
		goto exit;

	bdev = bdget_disk(disk, 0);
	if (!bdev)
		goto exit;

	bdev->bd_invalidated = 1;
	err = blkdev_get(bdev, FMODE_READ, NULL);
	if (err < 0)
		goto exit;
	blkdev_put(bdev, FMODE_READ);

exit:
	/* announce disk after possible partitions are created */
	dev_set_uevent_suppress(ddev, 0);
	kobject_uevent(&ddev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);

	/* announce possible partitions */
	disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, 0);
	while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
		kobject_uevent(&part_to_dev(part)->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
	disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
}

/**
 * add_disk - add partitioning information to kernel list
 * @disk: per-device partitioning information
 *
 * This function registers the partitioning information in @disk
 * with the kernel.
 *
 * FIXME: error handling
 */
void add_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
	dev_t devt;
	int retval;

	/* minors == 0 indicates to use ext devt from part0 and should
	 * be accompanied with EXT_DEVT flag.  Make sure all
	 * parameters make sense.
	 */
	WARN_ON(disk->minors && !(disk->major || disk->first_minor));
	WARN_ON(!disk->minors && !(disk->flags & GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT));

	disk->flags |= GENHD_FL_UP;

	retval = blk_alloc_devt(&disk->part0, &devt);
	if (retval) {
		WARN_ON(1);
		return;
	}
	disk_to_dev(disk)->devt = devt;

	/* ->major and ->first_minor aren't supposed to be
	 * dereferenced from here on, but set them just in case.
	 */
	disk->major = MAJOR(devt);
	disk->first_minor = MINOR(devt);

	disk_alloc_events(disk);

	/* Register BDI before referencing it from bdev */
	bdi = &disk->queue->backing_dev_info;
	bdi_register_dev(bdi, disk_devt(disk));

	blk_register_region(disk_devt(disk), disk->minors, NULL,
			    exact_match, exact_lock, disk);
	register_disk(disk);
	blk_register_queue(disk);

	/*
	 * Take an extra ref on queue which will be put on disk_release()
	 * so that it sticks around as long as @disk is there.
	 */
	WARN_ON_ONCE(!blk_get_queue(disk->queue));

	retval = sysfs_create_link(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, &bdi->dev->kobj,
				   "bdi");
	WARN_ON(retval);

	disk_add_events(disk);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_disk);

void del_gendisk(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct disk_part_iter piter;
	struct hd_struct *part;

	disk_del_events(disk);

	/* invalidate stuff */
	disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk,
			     DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY | DISK_PITER_REVERSE);
	while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter))) {
		invalidate_partition(disk, part->partno);
		delete_partition(disk, part->partno);
	}
	disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);

	invalidate_partition(disk, 0);
	blk_free_devt(disk_to_dev(disk)->devt);
	set_capacity(disk, 0);
	disk->flags &= ~GENHD_FL_UP;

	sysfs_remove_link(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, "bdi");
	bdi_unregister(&disk->queue->backing_dev_info);
	blk_unregister_queue(disk);
	blk_unregister_region(disk_devt(disk), disk->minors);

	part_stat_set_all(&disk->part0, 0);
	disk->part0.stamp = 0;

	kobject_put(disk->part0.holder_dir);
	kobject_put(disk->slave_dir);
	disk->driverfs_dev = NULL;
	if (!sysfs_deprecated)
		sysfs_remove_link(block_depr, dev_name(disk_to_dev(disk)));
	device_del(disk_to_dev(disk));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(del_gendisk);

/**
 * get_gendisk - get partitioning information for a given device
 * @devt: device to get partitioning information for
 * @partno: returned partition index
 *
 * This function gets the structure containing partitioning
 * information for the given device @devt.
 */
struct gendisk *get_gendisk(dev_t devt, int *partno)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = NULL;

	if (MAJOR(devt) != BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR) {
		struct kobject *kobj;

		kobj = kobj_lookup(bdev_map, devt, partno);
		if (kobj)
			disk = dev_to_disk(kobj_to_dev(kobj));
	} else {
		struct hd_struct *part;

		mutex_lock(&ext_devt_mutex);
		part = idr_find(&ext_devt_idr, blk_mangle_minor(MINOR(devt)));
		if (part && get_disk(part_to_disk(part))) {
			*partno = part->partno;
			disk = part_to_disk(part);
		}
		mutex_unlock(&ext_devt_mutex);
	}

	return disk;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_gendisk);

/**
 * bdget_disk - do bdget() by gendisk and partition number
 * @disk: gendisk of interest
 * @partno: partition number
 *
 * Find partition @partno from @disk, do bdget() on it.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Resulting block_device on success, NULL on failure.
 */
struct block_device *bdget_disk(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
{
	struct hd_struct *part;
	struct block_device *bdev = NULL;

	part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
	if (part)
		bdev = bdget(part_devt(part));
	disk_put_part(part);

	return bdev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdget_disk);

/*
 * print a full list of all partitions - intended for places where the root
 * filesystem can't be mounted and thus to give the victim some idea of what
 * went wrong
 */
void __init printk_all_partitions(void)
{
	struct class_dev_iter iter;
	struct device *dev;

	class_dev_iter_init(&iter, &block_class, NULL, &disk_type);
	while ((dev = class_dev_iter_next(&iter))) {
		struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
		struct disk_part_iter piter;
		struct hd_struct *part;
		char name_buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
		char devt_buf[BDEVT_SIZE];

		/*
		 * Don't show empty devices or things that have been
		 * suppressed
		 */
		if (get_capacity(disk) == 0 ||
		    (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO))
			continue;

		/*
		 * Note, unlike /proc/partitions, I am showing the
		 * numbers in hex - the same format as the root=
		 * option takes.
		 */
		disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0);
		while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter))) {
			bool is_part0 = part == &disk->part0;

			printk("%s%s %10llu %s %s", is_part0 ? "" : "  ",
			       bdevt_str(part_devt(part), devt_buf),
			       (unsigned long long)part_nr_sects_read(part) >> 1
			       , disk_name(disk, part->partno, name_buf),
			       part->info ? part->info->uuid : "");
			if (is_part0) {
				if (disk->driverfs_dev != NULL &&
				    disk->driverfs_dev->driver != NULL)
					printk(" driver: %s\n",
					      disk->driverfs_dev->driver->name);
				else
					printk(" (driver?)\n");
			} else
				printk("\n");
		}
		disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
	}
	class_dev_iter_exit(&iter);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
/* iterator */
static void *disk_seqf_start(struct seq_file *seqf, loff_t *pos)
{
	loff_t skip = *pos;
	struct class_dev_iter *iter;
	struct device *dev;

	iter = kmalloc(sizeof(*iter), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!iter)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	seqf->private = iter;
	class_dev_iter_init(iter, &block_class, NULL, &disk_type);
	do {
		dev = class_dev_iter_next(iter);
		if (!dev)
			return NULL;
	} while (skip--);

	return dev_to_disk(dev);
}

static void *disk_seqf_next(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
	struct device *dev;

	(*pos)++;
	dev = class_dev_iter_next(seqf->private);
	if (dev)
		return dev_to_disk(dev);

	return NULL;
}

static void disk_seqf_stop(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v)
{
	struct class_dev_iter *iter = seqf->private;

	/* stop is called even after start failed :-( */
	if (iter) {
		class_dev_iter_exit(iter);
		kfree(iter);
	}
}

static void *show_partition_start(struct seq_file *seqf, loff_t *pos)
{
	void *p;

	p = disk_seqf_start(seqf, pos);
	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(p) && !*pos)
		seq_puts(seqf, "major minor  #blocks  name\n\n");
	return p;
}

static int show_partition(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v)
{
	struct gendisk *sgp = v;
	struct disk_part_iter piter;
	struct hd_struct *part;
	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];

	/* Don't show non-partitionable removeable devices or empty devices */
	if (!get_capacity(sgp) || (!disk_max_parts(sgp) &&
				   (sgp->flags & GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE)))
		return 0;
	if (sgp->flags & GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO)
		return 0;

	/* show the full disk and all non-0 size partitions of it */
	disk_part_iter_init(&piter, sgp, DISK_PITER_INCL_PART0);
	while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
		seq_printf(seqf, "%4d  %7d %10llu %s\n",
			   MAJOR(part_devt(part)), MINOR(part_devt(part)),
			   (unsigned long long)part_nr_sects_read(part) >> 1,
			   disk_name(sgp, part->partno, buf));
	disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);

	return 0;
}

static const struct seq_operations partitions_op = {
	.start	= show_partition_start,
	.next	= disk_seqf_next,
	.stop	= disk_seqf_stop,
	.show	= show_partition
};

static int partitions_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	return seq_open(file, &partitions_op);
}

static const struct file_operations proc_partitions_operations = {
	.open		= partitions_open,
	.read		= seq_read,
	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
	.release	= seq_release,
};
#endif


static struct kobject *base_probe(dev_t devt, int *partno, void *data)
{
	if (request_module("block-major-%d-%d", MAJOR(devt), MINOR(devt)) > 0)
		/* Make old-style 2.4 aliases work */
		request_module("block-major-%d", MAJOR(devt));
	return NULL;
}

static int __init genhd_device_init(void)
{
	int error;

	block_class.dev_kobj = sysfs_dev_block_kobj;
	error = class_register(&block_class);
	if (unlikely(error))
		return error;
	bdev_map = kobj_map_init(base_probe, &block_class_lock);
	blk_dev_init();

	register_blkdev(BLOCK_EXT_MAJOR, "blkext");

	/* create top-level block dir */
	if (!sysfs_deprecated)
		block_depr = kobject_create_and_add("block", NULL);
	return 0;
}

subsys_initcall(genhd_device_init);

static ssize_t disk_range_show(struct device *dev,
			       struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", disk->minors);
}

static ssize_t disk_ext_range_show(struct device *dev,
				   struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", disk_max_parts(disk));
}

static ssize_t disk_removable_show(struct device *dev,
				   struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n",
		       (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_REMOVABLE ? 1 : 0));
}

static ssize_t disk_ro_show(struct device *dev,
				   struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", get_disk_ro(disk) ? 1 : 0);
}

static ssize_t disk_capability_show(struct device *dev,
				    struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%x\n", disk->flags);
}

static ssize_t disk_alignment_offset_show(struct device *dev,
					  struct device_attribute *attr,
					  char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", queue_alignment_offset(disk->queue));
}

static ssize_t disk_discard_alignment_show(struct device *dev,
					   struct device_attribute *attr,
					   char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", queue_discard_alignment(disk->queue));
}

static DEVICE_ATTR(range, S_IRUGO, disk_range_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(ext_range, S_IRUGO, disk_ext_range_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(removable, S_IRUGO, disk_removable_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(ro, S_IRUGO, disk_ro_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(size, S_IRUGO, part_size_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(alignment_offset, S_IRUGO, disk_alignment_offset_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(discard_alignment, S_IRUGO, disk_discard_alignment_show,
		   NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(capability, S_IRUGO, disk_capability_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(stat, S_IRUGO, part_stat_show, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(inflight, S_IRUGO, part_inflight_show, NULL);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
static struct device_attribute dev_attr_fail =
	__ATTR(make-it-fail, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, part_fail_show, part_fail_store);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_IO_TIMEOUT
static struct device_attribute dev_attr_fail_timeout =
	__ATTR(io-timeout-fail,  S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, part_timeout_show,
		part_timeout_store);
#endif

static struct attribute *disk_attrs[] = {
	&dev_attr_range.attr,
	&dev_attr_ext_range.attr,
	&dev_attr_removable.attr,
	&dev_attr_ro.attr,
	&dev_attr_size.attr,
	&dev_attr_alignment_offset.attr,
	&dev_attr_discard_alignment.attr,
	&dev_attr_capability.attr,
	&dev_attr_stat.attr,
	&dev_attr_inflight.attr,
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
	&dev_attr_fail.attr,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_IO_TIMEOUT
	&dev_attr_fail_timeout.attr,
#endif
	NULL
};

static struct attribute_group disk_attr_group = {
	.attrs = disk_attrs,
};

static const struct attribute_group *disk_attr_groups[] = {
	&disk_attr_group,
	NULL
};

/**
 * disk_replace_part_tbl - replace disk->part_tbl in RCU-safe way
 * @disk: disk to replace part_tbl for
 * @new_ptbl: new part_tbl to install
 *
 * Replace disk->part_tbl with @new_ptbl in RCU-safe way.  The
 * original ptbl is freed using RCU callback.
 *
 * LOCKING:
 * Matching bd_mutx locked.
 */
static void disk_replace_part_tbl(struct gendisk *disk,
				  struct disk_part_tbl *new_ptbl)
{
	struct disk_part_tbl *old_ptbl = disk->part_tbl;

	rcu_assign_pointer(disk->part_tbl, new_ptbl);

	if (old_ptbl) {
		rcu_assign_pointer(old_ptbl->last_lookup, NULL);
		kfree_rcu(old_ptbl, rcu_head);
	}
}

/**
 * disk_expand_part_tbl - expand disk->part_tbl
 * @disk: disk to expand part_tbl for
 * @partno: expand such that this partno can fit in
 *
 * Expand disk->part_tbl such that @partno can fit in.  disk->part_tbl
 * uses RCU to allow unlocked dereferencing for stats and other stuff.
 *
 * LOCKING:
 * Matching bd_mutex locked, might sleep.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
 */
int disk_expand_part_tbl(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
{
	struct disk_part_tbl *old_ptbl = disk->part_tbl;
	struct disk_part_tbl *new_ptbl;
	int len = old_ptbl ? old_ptbl->len : 0;
	int target = partno + 1;
	size_t size;
	int i;

	/* disk_max_parts() is zero during initialization, ignore if so */
	if (disk_max_parts(disk) && target > disk_max_parts(disk))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (target <= len)
		return 0;

	size = sizeof(*new_ptbl) + target * sizeof(new_ptbl->part[0]);
	new_ptbl = kzalloc_node(size, GFP_KERNEL, disk->node_id);
	if (!new_ptbl)
		return -ENOMEM;

	new_ptbl->len = target;

	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
		rcu_assign_pointer(new_ptbl->part[i], old_ptbl->part[i]);

	disk_replace_part_tbl(disk, new_ptbl);
	return 0;
}

static void disk_release(struct device *dev)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	disk_release_events(disk);
	kfree(disk->random);
	disk_replace_part_tbl(disk, NULL);
	free_part_stats(&disk->part0);
	free_part_info(&disk->part0);
	if (disk->queue)
		blk_put_queue(disk->queue);
	kfree(disk);
}
struct class block_class = {
	.name		= "block",
};

static char *block_devnode(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	if (disk->devnode)
		return disk->devnode(disk, mode);
	return NULL;
}

static struct device_type disk_type = {
	.name		= "disk",
	.groups		= disk_attr_groups,
	.release	= disk_release,
	.devnode	= block_devnode,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
/*
 * aggregate disk stat collector.  Uses the same stats that the sysfs
 * entries do, above, but makes them available through one seq_file.
 *
 * The output looks suspiciously like /proc/partitions with a bunch of
 * extra fields.
 */
static int diskstats_show(struct seq_file *seqf, void *v)
{
	struct gendisk *gp = v;
	struct disk_part_iter piter;
	struct hd_struct *hd;
	char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
	int cpu;

	/*
	if (&disk_to_dev(gp)->kobj.entry == block_class.devices.next)
		seq_puts(seqf,	"major minor name"
				"     rio rmerge rsect ruse wio wmerge "
				"wsect wuse running use aveq"
				"\n\n");
	*/

	disk_part_iter_init(&piter, gp, DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY_PART0);
	while ((hd = disk_part_iter_next(&piter))) {
		cpu = part_stat_lock();
		part_round_stats(cpu, hd);
		part_stat_unlock();
		seq_printf(seqf, "%4d %7d %s %lu %lu %lu "
			   "%u %lu %lu %lu %u %u %u %u\n",
			   MAJOR(part_devt(hd)), MINOR(part_devt(hd)),
			   disk_name(gp, hd->partno, buf),
			   part_stat_read(hd, ios[READ]),
			   part_stat_read(hd, merges[READ]),
			   part_stat_read(hd, sectors[READ]),
			   jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, ticks[READ])),
			   part_stat_read(hd, ios[WRITE]),
			   part_stat_read(hd, merges[WRITE]),
			   part_stat_read(hd, sectors[WRITE]),
			   jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, ticks[WRITE])),
			   part_in_flight(hd),
			   jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, io_ticks)),
			   jiffies_to_msecs(part_stat_read(hd, time_in_queue))
			);
	}
	disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);

	return 0;
}

static const struct seq_operations diskstats_op = {
	.start	= disk_seqf_start,
	.next	= disk_seqf_next,
	.stop	= disk_seqf_stop,
	.show	= diskstats_show
};

static int diskstats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	return seq_open(file, &diskstats_op);
}

static const struct file_operations proc_diskstats_operations = {
	.open		= diskstats_open,
	.read		= seq_read,
	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
	.release	= seq_release,
};

static int __init proc_genhd_init(void)
{
	proc_create("diskstats", 0, NULL, &proc_diskstats_operations);
	proc_create("partitions", 0, NULL, &proc_partitions_operations);
	return 0;
}
module_init(proc_genhd_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

dev_t blk_lookup_devt(const char *name, int partno)
{
	dev_t devt = MKDEV(0, 0);
	struct class_dev_iter iter;
	struct device *dev;

	class_dev_iter_init(&iter, &block_class, NULL, &disk_type);
	while ((dev = class_dev_iter_next(&iter))) {
		struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
		struct hd_struct *part;

		if (strcmp(dev_name(dev), name))
			continue;

		if (partno < disk->minors) {
			/* We need to return the right devno, even
			 * if the partition doesn't exist yet.
			 */
			devt = MKDEV(MAJOR(dev->devt),
				     MINOR(dev->devt) + partno);
			break;
		}
		part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
		if (part) {
			devt = part_devt(part);
			disk_put_part(part);
			break;
		}
		disk_put_part(part);
	}
	class_dev_iter_exit(&iter);
	return devt;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_lookup_devt);

struct gendisk *alloc_disk(int minors)
{
	return alloc_disk_node(minors, -1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_disk);

struct gendisk *alloc_disk_node(int minors, int node_id)
{
	struct gendisk *disk;

	disk = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct gendisk),
				GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, node_id);
	if (disk) {
		if (!init_part_stats(&disk->part0)) {
			kfree(disk);
			return NULL;
		}
		disk->node_id = node_id;
		if (disk_expand_part_tbl(disk, 0)) {
			free_part_stats(&disk->part0);
			kfree(disk);
			return NULL;
		}
		disk->part_tbl->part[0] = &disk->part0;

		/*
		 * set_capacity() and get_capacity() currently don't use
		 * seqcounter to read/update the part0->nr_sects. Still init
		 * the counter as we can read the sectors in IO submission
		 * patch using seqence counters.
		 *
		 * TODO: Ideally set_capacity() and get_capacity() should be
		 * converted to make use of bd_mutex and sequence counters.
		 */
		seqcount_init(&disk->part0.nr_sects_seq);
		hd_ref_init(&disk->part0);

		disk->minors = minors;
		rand_initialize_disk(disk);
		disk_to_dev(disk)->class = &block_class;
		disk_to_dev(disk)->type = &disk_type;
		device_initialize(disk_to_dev(disk));
	}
	return disk;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_disk_node);

struct kobject *get_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct module *owner;
	struct kobject *kobj;

	if (!disk->fops)
		return NULL;
	owner = disk->fops->owner;
	if (owner && !try_module_get(owner))
		return NULL;
	kobj = kobject_get(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
	if (kobj == NULL) {
		module_put(owner);
		return NULL;
	}
	return kobj;

}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_disk);

void put_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	if (disk)
		kobject_put(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_disk);

static void set_disk_ro_uevent(struct gendisk *gd, int ro)
{
	char event[] = "DISK_RO=1";
	char *envp[] = { event, NULL };

	if (!ro)
		event[8] = '0';
	kobject_uevent_env(&disk_to_dev(gd)->kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE, envp);
}

void set_device_ro(struct block_device *bdev, int flag)
{
	bdev->bd_part->policy = flag;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_device_ro);

void set_disk_ro(struct gendisk *disk, int flag)
{
	struct disk_part_iter piter;
	struct hd_struct *part;

	if (disk->part0.policy != flag) {
		set_disk_ro_uevent(disk, flag);
		disk->part0.policy = flag;
	}

	disk_part_iter_init(&piter, disk, DISK_PITER_INCL_EMPTY);
	while ((part = disk_part_iter_next(&piter)))
		part->policy = flag;
	disk_part_iter_exit(&piter);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_disk_ro);

int bdev_read_only(struct block_device *bdev)
{
	if (!bdev)
		return 0;
	return bdev->bd_part->policy;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_read_only);

int invalidate_partition(struct gendisk *disk, int partno)
{
	int res = 0;
	struct block_device *bdev = bdget_disk(disk, partno);
	if (bdev) {
		fsync_bdev(bdev);
		res = __invalidate_device(bdev, true);
		bdput(bdev);
	}
	return res;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(invalidate_partition);

/*
 * Disk events - monitor disk events like media change and eject request.
 */
struct disk_events {
	struct list_head	node;		/* all disk_event's */
	struct gendisk		*disk;		/* the associated disk */
	spinlock_t		lock;

	struct mutex		block_mutex;	/* protects blocking */
	int			block;		/* event blocking depth */
	unsigned int		pending;	/* events already sent out */
	unsigned int		clearing;	/* events being cleared */

	long			poll_msecs;	/* interval, -1 for default */
	struct delayed_work	dwork;
};

static const char *disk_events_strs[] = {
	[ilog2(DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE)]	= "media_change",
	[ilog2(DISK_EVENT_EJECT_REQUEST)]	= "eject_request",
};

static char *disk_uevents[] = {
	[ilog2(DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE)]	= "DISK_MEDIA_CHANGE=1",
	[ilog2(DISK_EVENT_EJECT_REQUEST)]	= "DISK_EJECT_REQUEST=1",
};

/* list of all disk_events */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(disk_events_mutex);
static LIST_HEAD(disk_events);

/* disable in-kernel polling by default */
static unsigned long disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs	= 0;

static unsigned long disk_events_poll_jiffies(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
	long intv_msecs = 0;

	/*
	 * If device-specific poll interval is set, always use it.  If
	 * the default is being used, poll iff there are events which
	 * can't be monitored asynchronously.
	 */
	if (ev->poll_msecs >= 0)
		intv_msecs = ev->poll_msecs;
	else if (disk->events & ~disk->async_events)
		intv_msecs = disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs;

	return msecs_to_jiffies(intv_msecs);
}

/**
 * disk_block_events - block and flush disk event checking
 * @disk: disk to block events for
 *
 * On return from this function, it is guaranteed that event checking
 * isn't in progress and won't happen until unblocked by
 * disk_unblock_events().  Events blocking is counted and the actual
 * unblocking happens after the matching number of unblocks are done.
 *
 * Note that this intentionally does not block event checking from
 * disk_clear_events().
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Might sleep.
 */
void disk_block_events(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
	unsigned long flags;
	bool cancel;

	if (!ev)
		return;

	/*
	 * Outer mutex ensures that the first blocker completes canceling
	 * the event work before further blockers are allowed to finish.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&ev->block_mutex);

	spin_lock_irqsave(&ev->lock, flags);
	cancel = !ev->block++;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ev->lock, flags);

	if (cancel)
		cancel_delayed_work_sync(&disk->ev->dwork);

	mutex_unlock(&ev->block_mutex);
}

static void __disk_unblock_events(struct gendisk *disk, bool check_now)
{
	struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
	unsigned long intv;
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&ev->lock, flags);

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ev->block <= 0))
		goto out_unlock;

	if (--ev->block)
		goto out_unlock;

	/*
	 * Not exactly a latency critical operation, set poll timer
	 * slack to 25% and kick event check.
	 */
	intv = disk_events_poll_jiffies(disk);
	set_timer_slack(&ev->dwork.timer, intv / 4);
	if (check_now)
		queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, 0);
	else if (intv)
		queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, intv);
out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ev->lock, flags);
}

/**
 * disk_unblock_events - unblock disk event checking
 * @disk: disk to unblock events for
 *
 * Undo disk_block_events().  When the block count reaches zero, it
 * starts events polling if configured.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Don't care.  Safe to call from irq context.
 */
void disk_unblock_events(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	if (disk->ev)
		__disk_unblock_events(disk, false);
}

/**
 * disk_flush_events - schedule immediate event checking and flushing
 * @disk: disk to check and flush events for
 * @mask: events to flush
 *
 * Schedule immediate event checking on @disk if not blocked.  Events in
 * @mask are scheduled to be cleared from the driver.  Note that this
 * doesn't clear the events from @disk->ev.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * If @mask is non-zero must be called with bdev->bd_mutex held.
 */
void disk_flush_events(struct gendisk *disk, unsigned int mask)
{
	struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;

	if (!ev)
		return;

	spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
	ev->clearing |= mask;
	if (!ev->block)
		mod_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, 0);
	spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);
}

/**
 * disk_clear_events - synchronously check, clear and return pending events
 * @disk: disk to fetch and clear events from
 * @mask: mask of events to be fetched and clearted
 *
 * Disk events are synchronously checked and pending events in @mask
 * are cleared and returned.  This ignores the block count.
 *
 * CONTEXT:
 * Might sleep.
 */
unsigned int disk_clear_events(struct gendisk *disk, unsigned int mask)
{
	const struct block_device_operations *bdops = disk->fops;
	struct disk_events *ev = disk->ev;
	unsigned int pending;

	if (!ev) {
		/* for drivers still using the old ->media_changed method */
		if ((mask & DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE) &&
		    bdops->media_changed && bdops->media_changed(disk))
			return DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE;
		return 0;
	}

	/* tell the workfn about the events being cleared */
	spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
	ev->clearing |= mask;
	spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);

	/* uncondtionally schedule event check and wait for it to finish */
	disk_block_events(disk);
	queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, 0);
	flush_delayed_work(&ev->dwork);
	__disk_unblock_events(disk, false);

	/* then, fetch and clear pending events */
	spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);
	WARN_ON_ONCE(ev->clearing & mask);	/* cleared by workfn */
	pending = ev->pending & mask;
	ev->pending &= ~mask;
	spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);

	return pending;
}

static void disk_events_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct delayed_work *dwork = to_delayed_work(work);
	struct disk_events *ev = container_of(dwork, struct disk_events, dwork);
	struct gendisk *disk = ev->disk;
	char *envp[ARRAY_SIZE(disk_uevents) + 1] = { };
	unsigned int clearing = ev->clearing;
	unsigned int events;
	unsigned long intv;
	int nr_events = 0, i;

	/* check events */
	events = disk->fops->check_events(disk, clearing);

	/* accumulate pending events and schedule next poll if necessary */
	spin_lock_irq(&ev->lock);

	events &= ~ev->pending;
	ev->pending |= events;
	ev->clearing &= ~clearing;

	intv = disk_events_poll_jiffies(disk);
	if (!ev->block && intv)
		queue_delayed_work(system_freezable_wq, &ev->dwork, intv);

	spin_unlock_irq(&ev->lock);

	/*
	 * Tell userland about new events.  Only the events listed in
	 * @disk->events are reported.  Unlisted events are processed the
	 * same internally but never get reported to userland.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(disk_uevents); i++)
		if (events & disk->events & (1 << i))
			envp[nr_events++] = disk_uevents[i];

	if (nr_events)
		kobject_uevent_env(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, KOBJ_CHANGE, envp);
}

/*
 * A disk events enabled device has the following sysfs nodes under
 * its /sys/block/X/ directory.
 *
 * events		: list of all supported events
 * events_async		: list of events which can be detected w/o polling
 * events_poll_msecs	: polling interval, 0: disable, -1: system default
 */
static ssize_t __disk_events_show(unsigned int events, char *buf)
{
	const char *delim = "";
	ssize_t pos = 0;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(disk_events_strs); i++)
		if (events & (1 << i)) {
			pos += sprintf(buf + pos, "%s%s",
				       delim, disk_events_strs[i]);
			delim = " ";
		}
	if (pos)
		pos += sprintf(buf + pos, "\n");
	return pos;
}

static ssize_t disk_events_show(struct device *dev,
				struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return __disk_events_show(disk->events, buf);
}

static ssize_t disk_events_async_show(struct device *dev,
				      struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return __disk_events_show(disk->async_events, buf);
}

static ssize_t disk_events_poll_msecs_show(struct device *dev,
					   struct device_attribute *attr,
					   char *buf)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);

	return sprintf(buf, "%ld\n", disk->ev->poll_msecs);
}

static ssize_t disk_events_poll_msecs_store(struct device *dev,
					    struct device_attribute *attr,
					    const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	struct gendisk *disk = dev_to_disk(dev);
	long intv;

	if (!count || !sscanf(buf, "%ld", &intv))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (intv < 0 && intv != -1)
		return -EINVAL;

	disk_block_events(disk);
	disk->ev->poll_msecs = intv;
	__disk_unblock_events(disk, true);

	return count;
}

static const DEVICE_ATTR(events, S_IRUGO, disk_events_show, NULL);
static const DEVICE_ATTR(events_async, S_IRUGO, disk_events_async_show, NULL);
static const DEVICE_ATTR(events_poll_msecs, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR,
			 disk_events_poll_msecs_show,
			 disk_events_poll_msecs_store);

static const struct attribute *disk_events_attrs[] = {
	&dev_attr_events.attr,
	&dev_attr_events_async.attr,
	&dev_attr_events_poll_msecs.attr,
	NULL,
};

/*
 * The default polling interval can be specified by the kernel
 * parameter block.events_dfl_poll_msecs which defaults to 0
 * (disable).  This can also be modified runtime by writing to
 * /sys/module/block/events_dfl_poll_msecs.
 */
static int disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs(const char *val,
					  const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
	struct disk_events *ev;
	int ret;

	ret = param_set_ulong(val, kp);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	mutex_lock(&disk_events_mutex);

	list_for_each_entry(ev, &disk_events, node)
		disk_flush_events(ev->disk, 0);

	mutex_unlock(&disk_events_mutex);

	return 0;
}

static const struct kernel_param_ops disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops = {
	.set	= disk_events_set_dfl_poll_msecs,
	.get	= param_get_ulong,
};

#undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
#define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX	"block."

module_param_cb(events_dfl_poll_msecs, &disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs_param_ops,
		&disk_events_dfl_poll_msecs, 0644);

/*
 * disk_{alloc|add|del|release}_events - initialize and destroy disk_events.
 */
static void disk_alloc_events(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	struct disk_events *ev;

	if (!disk->fops->check_events)
		return;

	ev = kzalloc(sizeof(*ev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ev) {
		pr_warn("%s: failed to initialize events\n", disk->disk_name);
		return;
	}

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ev->node);
	ev->disk = disk;
	spin_lock_init(&ev->lock);
	mutex_init(&ev->block_mutex);
	ev->block = 1;
	ev->poll_msecs = -1;
	INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&ev->dwork, disk_events_workfn);

	disk->ev = ev;
}

static void disk_add_events(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	if (!disk->ev)
		return;

	/* FIXME: error handling */
	if (sysfs_create_files(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, disk_events_attrs) < 0)
		pr_warn("%s: failed to create sysfs files for events\n",
			disk->disk_name);

	mutex_lock(&disk_events_mutex);
	list_add_tail(&disk->ev->node, &disk_events);
	mutex_unlock(&disk_events_mutex);

	/*
	 * Block count is initialized to 1 and the following initial
	 * unblock kicks it into action.
	 */
	__disk_unblock_events(disk, true);
}

static void disk_del_events(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	if (!disk->ev)
		return;

	disk_block_events(disk);

	mutex_lock(&disk_events_mutex);
	list_del_init(&disk->ev->node);
	mutex_unlock(&disk_events_mutex);

	sysfs_remove_files(&disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj, disk_events_attrs);
}

static void disk_release_events(struct gendisk *disk)
{
	/* the block count should be 1 from disk_del_events() */
	WARN_ON_ONCE(disk->ev && disk->ev->block != 1);
	kfree(disk->ev);
}